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Small, kinship-based groups of foragers who hunt and gather for a living, often nomadic.

Larger than bands, often based in agriculture or herding, with social structures that include multiple families and kinship groups in a more settled area.

Centralized political system with a hereditary leader, who holds economic, political, and religious power, often supported by a class of elites.

Complex social and political organization with a central government, laws, and social stratification, often governing a large territory.

A recognized political entity characterized by having a defined territory, permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states.

Large political formation consisting of different territories and peoples, usually created by conquest and maintained through the political, military, and economic power of an elite.

A political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government.

A political organization where sovereign states delegate power to a central government for specific purposes, such as defense or regulation of trade.

A form of government where priests rule in the name of God or a god, often where the religious and political power is intertwined.

A form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people, who may be distinguished by royalty, wealth, family ties, education, corporate, or military control.

A political system in which the state holds total control over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible.

A political system in which a single authority regulates much of the political and social spheres, but does not seek to control every aspect of life.

A political system in which the citizens exercise power directly or elect representatives from among themselves to form a governing body, such as a parliament.

A political system or state of society in which there is no government or central authority.