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Behavioral Economics Principles
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Anchoring Bias
The tendency for individuals to rely too heavily on the first piece of information they encounter (the 'anchor') when making decisions.
Availability Heuristic
A mental shortcut where people make judgments about the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind.
Confirmation Bias
The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.
Endowment Effect
The phenomenon where people ascribe more value to things merely because they own them.
Framing Effect
The cognitive bias where people decide on options based on whether the options are presented with positive or negative connotations; e.g. as a loss or a gain.
Halo Effect
The tendency for an initial impression of a person to influence one's perception of their other traits.
Hyperbolic Discounting
The tendency for people to increasingly choose a smaller-sooner reward over a larger-later reward as the delay occurs sooner rather than later in time.
Loss Aversion
The principle that suggests people feel the pain of losing something roughly twice as much as the pleasure of gaining something of equal value.
Mental Accounting
The tendency for people to separate their money into different accounts based on a variety of subjective criteria, such as the source of the money or its intended use.
Status Quo Bias
The preference to keep things the same by doing nothing or by sticking with a decision made previously.
Optimism Bias
A bias that causes a person to believe that they are at a lesser risk of experiencing a negative event compared to others.
Hindsight Bias
The tendency to believe, after an event has occurred, that one would have foreseen or predicted the outcome.
Sunk Cost Fallacy
The misconception that one must continue an endeavor because of the time or resources already invested, even if future costs outweigh the benefits.
Overconfidence Effect
A cognitive bias where an individual overestimates their own ability, performance, level of control, or chance of success.
Representativeness Heuristic
A mental shortcut where people categorize something by how similar it is to a typical case.
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