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Group polarization refers to the tendency of group discussion to intensify the pre-existing tendencies of group members, leading to more extreme positions. As a result, the group may make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of its individual members.

Conformity is the action of adapting one’s behavior or thinking to match those of other people within a group. It often stems from a desire to fit in or be accepted by the group, which can be beneficial for social cohesion but may also stifle creativity and individuality.

Social facilitation is the tendency for people to perform better on simple or well-rehearsed tasks in the presence of others compared to when they are alone. Conversely, performance on complex tasks may decline in social settings. This implies the influence of others can both enhance and inhibit performance.

Social loafing refers to the tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when working in a group compared to when working alone. This can impact group performance, as not all members contribute equally, potentially leading to lower productivity and collective outcomes.

The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation, due to a diffusion of responsibility or a belief that others will act. It can result in a lack of helping behavior even when there is a need.

Social Identity Theory postulates that a person’s sense of who they are is based on their group membership(s). The theory suggests that people enhance their self-image by being part of a valued group, which can influence intergroup behavior by promoting group loyalty and favoritism.

Diffusion of Responsibility is a socio-psychological phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are present. The more people that are present, the less any single individual feels responsible. This can lead to a decrease in the likelihood of helping behavior in groups.

Group cohesiveness refers to the bonds that hold the members of a group together, including shared goals, values, and attitudes. High group cohesiveness can improve morale and productivity, but may also lead to groupthink if dissent is stifled.

Collective efficacy is a group's shared belief in its conjoint capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to produce given levels of attainments. This sense of efficacy can enhance group performance and resilience in the face of challenges.

Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when a group of people strive for consensus to the point where they suppress dissenting viewpoints and ignore alternative solutions, often resulting in irrational or dysfunctional decision-making. It implies that the desire for harmony or conformity can lead to a situation where the group makes faulty decisions.

Peer pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group, encouraging individuals to change their attitudes, values, or behaviors to conform to group norms. This can lead to positive or negative behavioral changes, depending on the group's norms and values.