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Classical Conditioning
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Higher-Order Conditioning
A process in classical conditioning where a conditioned stimulus acts as an unconditioned stimulus for further learning, allowing a second conditioned stimulus to produce the conditioned response.
Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance of a conditioned response to a conditioned stimulus after a period of rest following extinction.
Unconditioned Response (UR)
The automatic, natural reaction to the unconditioned stimulus. It is an important aspect of classical conditioning, as it is the response that will be conditioned to a new stimulus.
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
A previously neutral stimulus that, after being paired multiple times with an unconditioned stimulus, starts to trigger a conditioned response.
Discrimination
The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.
Generalization
A phenomenon in classical conditioning where a conditioned response is triggered not only by the conditioned stimulus but also by stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Taste Aversion
A specific form of classical conditioning where an organism learns to avoid a taste after just one pairing of that taste with illness or nausea.
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning involved. It's critical for the acquisition of conditioned responses in classical conditioning.
Extinction
The process in classical conditioning when the conditioned response is weakened after the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned Response (CR)
The learned response to the conditioned stimulus that occurs after conditioning. It is generally similar to the unconditioned response, but it is triggered by the conditioned stimulus instead of the unconditioned stimulus.
Latent Inhibition
The phenomenon in which a familiar stimulus is more difficult to condition as a conditioned stimulus compared to a new stimulus.
Acquisition
The phase in classical conditioning when the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented together, resulting in the learning of the conditioned response.
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