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Developed the 16 Personality Factor (16PF) questionnaire and the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence.

Developed the psychoanalytic theory of personality which posits that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego.

A behaviorist who developed the theory of operant conditioning, believing that behavior is determined by its consequences, reinforcements, or punishments, which make it more or less likely to occur.

Developed person-centered theory, often called Rogerian therapy, which focuses on an individual's self-concept and the concept of unconditional positive regard.

Proposed a theory of personality based on three dimensions: extraversion-introversion, neuroticism-stability, and psychoticism-normality.

Created the school of individual psychology, where he proposed the concept of the inferiority complex and stressed the importance of striving for superiority.

Best known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.

One of the first psychologists to focus on the study of the personality, and developed a theory of the personality that emphasized the uniqueness of the individual and the internal cognitive and motivational processes that influence behavior.

Founded analytical psychology, emphasizing the collective unconscious and archetypes, and the process of individuation.