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Developed the psychoanalytic theory of personality which posits that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego.

Founded analytical psychology, emphasizing the collective unconscious and archetypes, and the process of individuation.

Created the school of individual psychology, where he proposed the concept of the inferiority complex and stressed the importance of striving for superiority.

His psychosocial theory of development includes eight stages, each characterized by a different psychological crisis that must be resolved.

A behaviorist who developed the theory of operant conditioning, believing that behavior is determined by its consequences, reinforcements, or punishments, which make it more or less likely to occur.

Developed person-centered theory, often called Rogerian therapy, which focuses on an individual's self-concept and the concept of unconditional positive regard.

Best known for creating Maslow's hierarchy of needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization.

Proposed a theory of personality based on three dimensions: extraversion-introversion, neuroticism-stability, and psychoticism-normality.

Developed the 16 Personality Factor (16PF) questionnaire and the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence.