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African American History Milestones

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Shirley Chisholm Elected to Congress

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November 5, 1968, Shirley Chisholm became the first African American woman elected to the United States Congress. Significance: She broke barriers for women and African Americans in politics.

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13th Amendment to the US Constitution

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December 6, 1865, The 13th Amendment was ratified, formally abolishing slavery throughout the United States. Significance: It legally ended the institution of slavery nationwide.

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Little Rock Nine

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September 4, 1957, Nine African American students, known as the Little Rock Nine, integrated Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, facing intense resistance. Significance: It was a landmark event in the desegregation of public schools in America.

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Formation of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

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January 10, 1957, Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights activists founded the SCLC. Significance: It played a major role in the Civil Rights Movement's struggle for civil rights for African Americans.

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Emancipation Proclamation

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January 1, 1863, President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which declared that all slaves in Confederate-held territory were free. Significance: It's a pivotal moment in the abolition of slavery and the Civil War.

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Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.

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April 4, 1968, Civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Significance: His death was a devastating blow to the Civil Rights Movement but also served to galvanize activists to push forward with the struggle for racial equality.

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Harlem Renaissance

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1920s to mid-1930s, The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural, social, and artistic explosion in Harlem, New York. Significance: It was a milestone for African American cultural expression and laid the groundwork for the Civil Rights Movement.

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Loving v. Virginia

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June 12, 1967, The Supreme Court declared anti-miscegenation laws unconstitutional in the case Loving v. Virginia. Significance: It ended all race-based legal restrictions on marriage in the United States.

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Black Lives Matter Movement

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Founded in 2013, The Black Lives Matter movement began as a response to the acquittal of Trayvon Martin's shooter. Significance: It has since become a global organization advocating for the rights of Black people.

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Establishment of the NAACP

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February 12, 1909, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded. Significance: It began as a civil rights organization combatting racial discrimination and advocating for equal rights.

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Sit-in movement

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February 1, 1960, Four African American college students conducted a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. Significance: It sparked sit-ins across the country and was instrumental in the fight against segregation.

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Black Panther Party Founded

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October 15, 1966, The Black Panther Party was founded by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, California. Significance: It aimed to monitor police brutality and establish revolutionary socialism through community-based programs.

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The Great Migration

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1916 to 1970, The Great Migration saw the relocation of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West. Significance: It reshaped the social and political landscape of America.

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Brown v. Board of Education

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May 17, 1954, The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. Significance: This case overturned the 'separate but equal' doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896.

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Freedom Rides

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May 4, 1961, The Freedom Rides began with integrated groups challenging segregation on interstate buses and in bus terminals. Significance: They drew national attention to the Civil Rights Movement and led to the desegregation of interstate transportation.

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Voting Rights Act of 1965

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August 6, 1965, The Voting Rights Act was signed into law, prohibiting racial discrimination in voting. Significance: It enabled mass enfranchisement of racial minorities across the country, especially in the South.

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March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

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August 28, 1963, Over 250,000 people gathered in Washington, D.C., for a political rally advocating for civil and economic rights for African Americans. Significance: It's where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous 'I Have a Dream' speech.

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Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott

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December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery, Alabama bus, leading to the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Significance: It was a pivotal event in the Civil Rights Movement and led to a landmark Supreme Court ruling against bus segregation.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

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July 2, 1964, The Civil Rights Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. Significance: It outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and ended segregation in public places.

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Election of Barack Obama

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November 4, 2008, Barack Obama was elected as the 44th President of the United States. Significance: He became the first African American to hold the office, marking a significant historical milestone for the nation.

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