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African Ethnic Groups
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Igbo
Geographic Location: Nigeria, Language: Igbo, Cultural Practices: Masquerades, kola nut rituals, Notable Facts: One of the key players during the Nigerian Civil War (Biafran War)
Tutsi
Geographic Location: Rwanda, Burundi, Language: Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Cultural Practices: Cattle herding, Notable Facts: Historically formed one of the ruling classes in Rwanda
San
Geographic Location: Southern Africa, Language: Languages with click consonants, Cultural Practices: Rock art, hunting and gathering, Notable Facts: Often referred to as Bushmen
Tuareg
Geographic Location: Sahara regions of North Africa, Language: Tamasheq, Cultural Practices: Nomadic pastoralism, Tagelmust veils, Notable Facts: Known as the 'Blue People' for the indigo dye of their garments
Kikuyu
Geographic Location: Kenya, Language: Kikuyu, Cultural Practices: Female circumcision (outlawed), mugumo (fig tree) ceremonies, Notable Facts: Largest ethnic group in Kenya
Himba
Geographic Location: Namibia, Language: Otjihimba, Cultural Practices: Pastoralism, unique hair and skin customs, Notable Facts: Resist Western clothing, opting for traditional attire
Berber
Geographic Location: North Africa, Language: Berber languages, Cultural Practices: Imazighen culture, indigenous crafts, Notable Facts: Known as the Amazigh, meaning 'free people' or 'noble men'
Ashanti
Geographic Location: Ghana, Language: Twi, Cultural Practices: Kente cloth weaving, Adae festival, Notable Facts: Once a powerful kingdom in West Africa
Luo
Geographic Location: Kenya, Tanzania, Language: Dholuo, Cultural Practices: Nyatiti music, fishing, Notable Facts: Barack Obama's father was a member of this group
Oromo
Geographic Location: Ethiopia, Language: Oromo, Cultural Practices: Gada system, Irreecha festival, Notable Facts: Largest ethnic group in Ethiopia
Fulani
Geographic Location: Spread across West Africa, Language: Fulfulde, Cultural Practices: Nomadic herding, Wodaabe Gerewol festival, Notable Facts: One of the largest nomadic communities in the world
Mandinka
Geographic Location: West Africa, Language: Mandinka, Cultural Practices: Griot storytelling, Kankurang festival, Notable Facts: Descendants from the Mali Empire
Mursi
Geographic Location: Ethiopia, Language: Mursi, Cultural Practices: Lip plates, cattle raids, Notable Facts: Reside in the Omo Valley, known for their cultural adornments
Yoruba
Geographic Location: Nigeria, Benin, Language: Yoruba, Cultural Practices: Egungun festival, Ifa divination, Notable Facts: Known for extensive mythology and history
Sahrawi
Geographic Location: Western Sahara, Language: Hassaniya Arabic, Cultural Practices: Nomadic herding, tea ceremony, Notable Facts: Seeking independence from Morocco
Swahili
Geographic Location: East African coast, Language: Swahili, Cultural Practices: Islam, Swahili architecture, Notable Facts: Culture is a blend of African, Arab, and Persian influences
Sara
Geographic Location: Chad, Language: Sar, Cultural Practices: Fishing and farming, colorful dance ceremonies, Notable Facts: Largest ethnic group in Chad
Somali
Geographic Location: Somalia, Language: Somali, Cultural Practices: Pastoralism, poetry, Notable Facts: Known for their oral traditions and storytelling
Bantu
Geographic Location: Sub-Saharan Africa, Language: Bantu languages, Cultural Practices: Varies widely, traditional music and dance, Notable Facts: Comprise over 400 different ethnic groups
Hausa
Geographic Location: Nigeria, Niger, Language: Hausa, Cultural Practices: Islamic traditions, marriage customs, Notable Facts: One of the largest ethnic groups in West Africa
Dinka
Geographic Location: South Sudan, Language: Dinka, Cultural Practices: Cattle herding and raiding, scarification, Notable Facts: One of the tallest populations in the world
Maasai
Geographic Location: Kenya, Tanzania, Language: Maa, Cultural Practices: Cattle herding, warrior status, Notable Facts: Maintains traditional semi-nomadic lifestyle
Nubians
Geographic Location: Southern Egypt, Northern Sudan, Language: Nubian languages, Cultural Practices: Traditional Nubian wrestling, Notable Facts: Builders of ancient pyramids and temples
Pygmy
Geographic Location: Central Africa, Language: Varies by group (e.g., Baka, Twa), Cultural Practices: Hunter-gatherer lifestyle, Notable Facts: Renowned for their knowledge of the rainforest and traditional music
Wolof
Geographic Location: Senegal, Gambia, Language: Wolof, Cultural Practices: Islam, Sabar drum dancing, Notable Facts: Predominant group in Senegal
Amhara
Geographic Location: Ethiopia, Language: Amharic, Cultural Practices: Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, Meskel festival, Notable Facts: Historically occupied the political center of Ethiopia
Zulu
Geographic Location: South Africa, Language: Zulu, Cultural Practices: Reed dance, polygamy, Notable Facts: Largest ethnic group in South Africa
Haratin
Geographic Location: Mauritania, Western Sahara, Language: Hassaniya Arabic, Cultural Practices: Social caste involved in subservient labor, Notable Facts: Descendents of enslaved peoples
Twa
Geographic Location: Great Lakes region of Africa, Language: Kirundi, Kinyarwanda, Cultural Practices: Pottery, traditional dance, Notable Facts: Often referred to as 'pygmies'
Moors
Geographic Location: Mauritania, Morocco, Language: Hassaniya Arabic, Cultural Practices: Nomadic herding, Moorish architecture, Notable Facts: Diverse group with Arab-Berber ancestry
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