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World Religions and Beliefs

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Christianity

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Description: The religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus Christ. Origin: Emerged in the 1st century in the Middle East. Key Tenets: Belief in the Holy Trinity, redemption through Jesus Christ's sacrifice, and the resurrection.

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Islam

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Description: A monotheistic Abrahamic faith revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah. Origin: 7th century in Mecca (modern-day Saudi Arabia). Key Tenets: Five Pillars of Islam, Tawhid (oneness of God), and the Qur'an as the final scripture.

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Sikhism

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Description: A monotheistic religion founded in India's Punjab region by Guru Nanak. Origin: 15th century. Key Tenets: Belief in one God, the teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus, and the importance of doing good deeds.

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Unitarian Universalism

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Description: A liberal religion characterized by a 'free and responsible search for truth and meaning'. Origin: 1961 in the United States, from the consolidation of two historically separate Christian denominations. Key Tenets: Flexible doctrine, promotion of a broad humanist creed, and social action.

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Buddhism

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Description: A spiritual tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development and the attainment of a deep insight into the true nature of life. Origin: 6th to 4th century BCE in India by Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha). Key Tenets: Four Noble Truths, the Eightfold Path, and the concept of Nirvana.

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Judaism

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Description: The monotheistic religion of the Jews, tracing its origins to Abraham and having its spiritual and ethical principles embodied chiefly in the Hebrew Scriptures. Origin: Bronze Age (around 2000 BCE) in the Middle East. Key Tenets: Belief in one God, observance of Jewish law, and the significance of the Torah.

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Shinto

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Description: The traditional religion of Japan that focuses on ritual practices to be carried out diligently to establish a connection between present-day Japan and its ancient past. Origin: Dates to the 8th century and earlier. Key Tenets: Worship of kami (spirits), cleanliness, and festivals.

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Rastafarianism

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Description: An Abrahamic belief that was developed in Jamaica during the 1930s. It focuses on the return to Africa of its members and the figure of Haile Selassie. Origin: 1930s in Jamaica. Key Tenets: Worship of Haile Selassie, adherence to natural living, and the consumption of Ital food.

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Zoroastrianism

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Description: One of the world's oldest continuously practiced religions. It is a multi-tendency faith centered on a dualistic cosmology of good and evil. Origin: 6th century BCE in Persia. Key Tenets: Worship of Ahura Mazda (Wise Lord), concept of Asha (truth and order), and the battle between good and evil.

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Jainism

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Description: An ancient Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings. Origin: 6th century BCE in India. Key Tenets: Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truth), Asteya (non-stealing), Brahmacharya (chastity), and Aparigraha (non-attachment).

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Wicca

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Description: A modern Pagan religion that draws upon a diverse set of ancient pagan and 20th-century hermetic motifs. Origin: Mid-20th century in England. Key Tenets: Worship of the God and Goddess, observing the Wheel of the Year, and adhering to the Wiccan Rede.

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Scientology

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Description: A set of beliefs and practices created by L. Ron Hubbard. Origin: 1950s in the United States. Key Tenets: Auditing, Thetans, and reaching a state of Clear.

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Hinduism

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Description: A major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic religion. Origin: Roots can be traced back to Iron Age India (1200-500 BCE). Key Tenets: Karma, Dharma, Samsara, and Moksha.

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Confucianism

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Description: A system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius. Origin: 6th century BCE in China. Key Tenets: Importance of ethics, morals, and virtuous behavior in individuals and government.

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Shamanism

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Description: A practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to interact with a spirit world. Origin: Prehistoric times, widespread among indigenous cultures. Key Tenets: Connection with the spirit world, healing, and rituals.

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Taoism

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Description: A philosophical and religious tradition that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (the Way). Origin: 4th or 3rd century BCE in China. Key Tenets: Wú wéi (non-action), simplicity, and naturalness.

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Bahá'í Faith

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Description: A monotheistic religion that emphasizes the spiritual unity of all humankind. Origin: 19th century in Persia. Key Tenets: Unity of God, religion, and humanity; and the importance of universal peace and justice.

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Paganism

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Description: A broad group of indigenous and historical polytheistic and pantheistic spiritual traditions. Origin: Pre-Christian Europe. Key Tenets: Polytheism, nature worship, and celebration of cycles of the year.

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Vodou

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Description: A syncretic religion that combines Roman Catholicism and native African religion, particularly from the Dahomey and Yoruba traditions. Origin: 16th century in Haiti. Key Tenets: Belief in one God and several spirits, ancestral worship, and spiritual possession.

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New Age

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Description: A range of spiritual or religious beliefs and practices that developed in Western nations during the 1970s. Origin: 1970s in the Western world. Key Tenets: Universal tolerance, environmentalism, and personal health and development.

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