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The forced relocation of Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations resulted in thousands of deaths due to harsh conditions, known as the Trail of Tears.

The removal led to Native American tribes losing their lands which were valuable for agriculture, minerals, and resources thus devastating their economies.

The Supreme Court case where the Cherokee Nation sought a federal injunction against laws passed by the state of Georgia, but it was ruled that they weren't a sovereign nation.

The Supreme Court case that recognized the tribal sovereignty of the Cherokee Nation, holding that Georgia could not impose its laws on Cherokee tribal lands.

The removal act disrupted the social, cultural, and political institutions of Native American tribes, eroding their cultural cohesion and lifeways.

The Indian Removal Act authorized the President to negotiate with Southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their ancestral homelands.

U.S. military forces were used to forcibly remove Native Americans, leading to widespread suffering and mortality among tribes.

The act set a precedent for reduced tribal sovereignty and laid the groundwork for subsequent policies that continued to erode tribal autonomy.

The Seminole tribe resisted removal through conflict known as the Seminole Wars, leading to significant loss of life and eventual relocation for many.