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Multiculturalism in Societies
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Cultural Competency
The ability of individuals to interact effectively with people of different cultures and socio-economic backgrounds. Examples include healthcare professionals adapting their practices to accommodate their patients' cultural beliefs.
Interculturalism
The support for cross-cultural dialogue and challenging self-segregation tendencies within cultures. It promotes the inclusion of all cultures within a society and active interaction among them, as seen in some urban areas where intercultural festivals are common.
Acculturation
The process of cultural change and psychological change that results following meeting between cultures. An example of this is immigrants adopting the language and customs of their new country while also maintaining elements of their original culture.
Ethnic Enclaves
Geographically defined spaces with high ethnic concentration and cultural identity. Chinatowns in various cities around the world serve as examples.
Cultural Pluralism
A condition in which smaller groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities, and their values and practices are accepted by the wider culture provided they are consistent with the laws and values of the wider society. A notable example is Switzerland with its multiple official languages and cultural regions.
Diaspora
A large group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have since moved out to places all over the world. The Jewish diaspora is a well-known example.
Ethnocentrism
Evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one's own culture. It can often lead to misinterpretations and prejudice, an example being the colonial attitude towards indigenous populations.
Social Integration
The process during which newcomers or minorities are incorporated into the social structure of the host society. This can manifest through institutions such as schools and community programs that encourage minority participation.
Multicultural Education
A progressive approach for transforming education that fosters cultural pluralism within culturally diverse societies in an interdependent world. For example, curriculum in some U.S. schools includes the celebration of diverse cultural festivals.
Multiculturalism
A system of beliefs and behaviors that recognizes and respects the presence of all diverse groups in an organization or society, acknowledges and values their socio-cultural differences, and encourages and enables their continued contribution within an inclusive cultural context. For example, Canada's strong focus on multicultural policies.
Cultural Assimilation
The process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group. The melting pot model in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th century exemplifies this phenomenon.
Cross-Cultural Communication
Communication between people who have different cultural traditions. Multinational companies with diverse workforces must engage in this to function effectively.
Cultural Appropriation
The adoption of elements of one culture by members of another culture. This can be controversial when members of a dominant culture appropriate from disadvantaged minority cultures. An example is the use of indigenous American headdresses as fashion statements.
Cultural Identity
The identification or sense of belonging to a group based on one's culture, including nationality, ethnicity, religion, social class, generation, locality or any kind of social group that has its own distinct culture. Major cultural events like the Chinese New Year celebrations help maintain cultural identity among Chinese communities abroad.
Cultural Exchange
The mutual sharing of information, ideas, arts, and cultural aspects among nations and their peoples fostering greater understanding and respect. An example is international student exchange programs.
Cultural Adaptation
The process by which individuals learn the rules and customs of new cultural contexts. Refugees and immigrants often undergo cultural adaptation when they relocate to a new country.
Cultural Sensitivity
Being aware that cultural differences and similarities between people exist without assigning them a value – positive or negative, better or worse, right or wrong. It's important in international business negotiations.
Multicultural Policy
Governmental policy that recognizes the diverse nature of the country's population and acknowledges the needs of various cultural, racial, ethnic groups. Australia's policy of multiculturalism embraces this concept.
Xenophobia
The fear or hatred of that which is perceived to be foreign or strange. Xenophobia can be seen in societal attitudes towards immigrants during economic downturns.
Cultural Relativism
The principle that an individual human's beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual's own culture. This stance can be adopted by governments in creating laws sensitive to indigenous practices.
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