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Categorical grants are funds from the central government to state or local governments for a specific purpose, with strict limitations on how the money is to be spent. They are crucial in public administration for addressing specific policy areas, though they may limit local discretion.

Grants-in-aid are funds provided by a higher level of government to a lower one to finance specific programs or projects. In public administration, these play a crucial role in shaping intergovernmental relations by influencing local policy choices and fostering inter-governmental cooperation.

Preemption is the principle that allows a higher authority to override or prevent the actions of a lower authority. In public administration, preemption can limit the powers of local governments and ensure national standards are maintained, but may also lead to tensions in intergovernmental relations.

Intergovernmental lobbying involves government units at one level lobbying for policy changes or resources at another level. It represents an important aspect of intergovernmental relations in public administration, reflecting the dynamics of power and resource allocation.

Mandates are directives issued by a higher level of government that require lower levels to comply with certain standards or perform specific actions. In public administration, mandates can affect local autonomy but also ensure uniformity in policy implementation across different jurisdictions.

Block grants are large sums of money granted by the national government to the states or localities for general purposes. Public administrators use block grants to address broad objectives with some degree of flexibility, allowing for local adaptation of programs and policies.

Fiscal federalism deals with the division of governmental functions and financial relations among levels of government. In public administration, it guides economic policies between the national, state, and local governments, influencing efficiency and equity in public service provision.

Home rule allows local governments to manage their own affairs with greater independence from the state government. This aspect of public administration empowers local entities, promoting governance that is closer to the citizenry but can vary widely in scope and execution.

Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units. In public administration, it requires balancing the interests and administrative capabilities of different levels of government, which affects policy-making, resource distribution, and governance.