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Leadership Theories in Public Administration
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Participative Leadership
Encourages input and decision-making from group members, fostering democratic engagement. In public administration, it can lead to increased employee satisfaction and civic engagement because it involves stakeholders in the decision-making process.
Situational Leadership
Argues that there is no single best style of leadership. Effective leadership varies depending on task requirements and individual capabilities. In the public sector, it allows leaders to adapt to the diverse and changing needs of the community and organization.
Authentic Leadership
Focuses on leaders who are genuine and transparent with their followers. In public sector leadership, authenticity can build trust and credibility with the public and within governmental institutions.
Transactional Leadership
A leadership style based on a system of rewards and punishments, often used in bureaucratic institutions. It's relevant in the public sector as it provides clear, structured processes and can be effective in stable environments.
Transformational Leadership
This theory emphasizes the importance of inspiring and motivating employees to exceed their own interests for the good of the organization and society. In the public sector, it encourages civil servants to commit to the mission and values of their institutions.
Servant Leadership
This theory values the growth and well-being of people and communities. Public leaders serve as stewards of their organizations and the citizens they serve, prioritizing the needs of others and helping people develop and perform to their fullest potential.
Bureaucratic Leadership
Based on strict adherence to rules and a defined hierarchy. This leadership is seen in many public institutions where processes and continuity are paramount. It can be useful for ensuring compliance but may stifle innovation and responsiveness.
Distributed Leadership
Pertains to the distribution of leadership roles within an organization or network, often seen in collaborative public initiatives. It suggests that leadership functions are best carried out by a team rather than centralized in a single individual, facilitating adaptability and collective problem-solving.
Charismatic Leadership
Relies on the charm and persuasiveness of the leader. Charismatic leaders have the ability to inspire and motivate others through their vision and personality. In public administration, such leaders can evoke high levels of dedication among civil servants but may risk creating dependency.
Path-Goal Theory
This theory suggests that a leader's role is to guide followers in achieving goals and to provide direction or support needed to ensure that their goals are compatible with the objectives of the group or organization. In public sector, leaders use it to enhance employee performance and satisfaction.
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