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Casein is used in adhesives, paints, and plastics as well as a food additive. It is precipitated from skim milk and can be acid or enzyme-modified.

Ice cream mix is used to make ice cream in commercial and homemade settings. It is based on a mixture of milk, cream, sugars, and flavorings, pasteurized and homogenized.

Buttermilk is used for baking, as a beverage, and in soups and sauces. It's left over after churning butter out of cream.

Kefir grains are used to produce kefir, a probiotic fermented milk drink. They are a combination of bacteria and yeasts in a matrix of proteins, lipids, and sugars.

Whey is used in food products as a protein supplement and in animal feeds. It is produced during the cheesemaking process when the curd is separated from the liquid.

Lactose is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a filler in tablets, in food products, and in infant formula. It is isolated from whey or milk permeate.

MPC is used as an ingredient in protein bars, sports drinks, and fortified milk products. It is created by ultrafiltration of milk to increase protein content.

Ghee is used as a cooking oil, in traditional medicines, and for religious purposes in some cultures. It is made from butter with all water content boiled off.

Lactose-free milk is used as a direct substitute for regular milk for those with lactose intolerance. It is produced by adding lactase to break down lactose.