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The Transition Period is roughly the three weeks before and after calving in dairy cows. Proper management is essential for preventing metabolic diseases and ensuring a good start to lactation.

The Calving Interval is the time between successive births in dairy cattle, ideally around 12-13 months. Shortening the interval maximizes milk production and profitability.

Metritis is an inflammation of the uterus in dairy cows, often occurring after calving. It's significant because it can affect milk production, reproductive performance, and overall health.

The Estrous Cycle is the recurring hormonal and physiological changes that occur in female mammals between periods of estrus (heat). Its significance lies in the need to understand it for timely breeding.

Body Condition Scoring is the visual and tactile assessment of the body fat reserves of an animal. BCS is significant for evaluating health, reproduction, and the likelihood of a successful calving.

A Heifer is a young female cow that has not yet borne a calf. Proper heifer management is crucial for her to reach optimum size and condition for her first breeding.

Artificial Insemination is a technique for breeding cows using semen collected from a bull, processed, stored, and manually deposited in the uterus. This method allows for improved genetics and disease control.

Synchronization of Estrus involves managing the estrous cycles of a group of cattle so they come into heat simultaneously. It increases the efficiency of AI and helps in planned breeding.

Heat Detection refers to identifying when a cow is in estrus and sexually receptive. Accurate detection is imperative for successful AI timing.