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Ceramic Surface Treatments

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Glazing

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Application techniques include dipping, spraying, or brushing. Expected results are a glossy or matte finish that often adds color and is waterproof.

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Underglaze

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Application techniques include painting or pouring on bisque ware. Expected results are decorative patterns or pictures covered with a clear glaze.

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Salt Glazing

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Application involves throwing salt into a high-temperature kiln. Expected results are a glassy, textured surface created by the reaction of salt with the clay body.

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Lustre

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Application involves painting on a metallic solution and firing in reduction. Expected results are a metallic sheen surface finish.

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Slip Trailing

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Application techniques involve squeezing slip through a nozzle to create raised patterns. Expected results are textured decorative designs.

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Engobe

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Application techniques include brushing, trailing, and dipping. Expected results are a surface coating that provides color and texture before the final glazing.

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Raku Firing

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Techniques include placing red hot ceramics into organic materials and then into water. Expected results are unpredictable textures and colors due to rapid cooling and reduction.

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Sgraffito

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Application involves scratching through a layer of colored slip to reveal the clay body beneath. Expected results are contrasting two-tone patterns or images.

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Terra Sigillata

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Application techniques include brushing multiple thin layers onto bone-dry or bisque-fired ware. Expected results are a soft sheen without glaze, highlighting subtle details.

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Decals

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Application involves transferring pre-printed designs onto the ceramic surface using water or heat. Expected results are detailed commercial or handmade imagery on the ware.

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Combining

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Application includes attaching different clay bodies or elements together. Expected results are a piece with varied texture, color, and form.

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Oxide Wash

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Application consists of painting oxides onto the clay body and wiping back to accentuate texture. Expected results are earthy tones and highlighted textures.

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Impressing

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Technique includes pressing objects into clay to create relief patterns. Expected results are imprints that can be functional or decorative.

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Stenciling

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Application involves using cut-outs or resist materials to apply patterns. Expected results are clean-edged designs on the ceramic surface.

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Mishima

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Application includes inlaying slip or clay into incised lines and then scraping back the surface. Expected results are smooth surfaces with fine, detailed lines.

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