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Main glass former in glazes, providing the glaze with its glass-like surface after firing.

Stabilizes the glaze, increasing its viscosity and preventing it from running off the ware during firing.

Acts as a flux in lower-temperature glazes, helps to reduce the melting temperature.

Acts as a strong flux in high-fire glazes, often sourced from materials like whiting or limestone.

Common flux in both high- and low-fire glazes, which can increase the fluidity of the glaze.

Functions similarly to Sodium Oxide as a flux but is less powerful and contributes to the hardness of the glaze.

A traditional and effective low-temperature flux but has fallen out of favor due to toxicity concerns.

Acts as a flux in some high-fire glazes and can promote opacity and brilliance of colors.

Used to promote variegation and mottling in glazes and can also increase opacity.

A major colorant in glazes, can produce greens in oxidation or reds in reduction.

Colorant that can produce a range of colors from yellow to brown to green, depending on the glaze chemistry and firing conditions.

Strong colorant that can produce deep blues and, in small amounts, can work as a glaze flux.

Colorant that produces greens and pinks, depending on its form and the composition of the glaze.

Colorant that can produce earth tones, blues, grays, and yellows, depending on glaze composition and firing conditions.

Colorant ranging from purples and browns to black, depending on the amount and glaze chemistry.

Used mainly as an opacifier and can also assist in producing vibrant ceramic colors.

Flux that can produce unique matte glazes at high temperatures, but with toxicity considerations when used in functional ware.

Imparts a range of colors from tan to green in glazes, often producing streaking effects.

Calcium source used to introduce CaO into glazes, acting as both a stiffener and a flux.