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Launch date: April 24, 1990, Vehicle: Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-31), Significance: Enabled long-term astronomical observations without atmospheric interference

Launch date: October 4, 1957, Vehicle: R-7 Semyorka, Significance: First artificial Earth satellite

Launch date: November 28, 1964, Vehicle: Atlas Agena, Significance: First successful flyby and data transmission from Mars

Launch date: April 12, 1981, Vehicle: Space Shuttle Columbia, Significance: First orbital flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program

Launch date: August 5, 2011, Vehicle: Atlas V, Significance: Designed to study Jupiter's composition, gravity field, magnetic field, and polar magnetosphere

Launch date: March 2, 1972, Vehicle: Atlas-Centaur, Significance: First spacecraft to traverse the Asteroid belt and make direct observations of Jupiter

Launch date: November 26, 2011, Vehicle: Atlas V, Significance: Advanced Mars rover assessing habitability and past life on Mars

Launch date: October 22, 2008, Vehicle: PSLV-XL, Significance: India's first mission to the Moon, confirmed the presence of water molecules on the lunar surface

Launch date: October 15, 1997, Vehicle: Titan IV, Significance: First landing on an outer system moon (Titan), extensive study of Saturn

Launch date: July 16, 1969, Vehicle: Saturn V, Significance: First manned Moon landing

Launch date: October 31, 2000, Vehicle: Soyuz TM-31, Significance: Began continuous human presence on the International Space Station

Launch date: February 6, 2018, Vehicle: Falcon Heavy, Significance: Demonstrated the capabilities of the most powerful operational rocket

Launch date: September 5, 1977, Vehicle: Titan IIIE/Centaur, Significance: First spacecraft to reach interstellar space

Launch date: October 12, 1964, Vehicle: Voskhod, Significance: First spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without spacesuits