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Heats a propellant like hydrogen using a nuclear reactor. The hot gas is then expelled through a nozzle to produce thrust.

Generates electrical power from a nuclear reactor to drive an electric propulsion system like an ion or Hall-effect thruster.

Utilizes electrical energy to ionize a solid propellant and create plasma, which is then expelled by magnetic fields to generate thrust.

Generates thrust by the acceleration of plasma through the Lorentz force, which is the force exerted by magnetic fields on moving charged particles.

Accelerates ions using electricity (often from solar panels) to create thrust. The propellant, usually xenon, is ionized then expelled by electric or magnetic fields.

Uses the reaction of chemical propellants (fuel and oxidizer) to produce hot gas that is expelled through a nozzle to generate thrust.

Combines elements of solid and liquid propulsion. A solid fuel reacts with a liquid or gaseous oxidizer to produce thrust.

Employs a pressurized inert gas that expands and is expelled through a nozzle to produce thrust, commonly used for small attitude adjustments or station keeping.

Employs solid propellants that ignite to form a high-pressure and high-temperature gas that is expelled through a nozzle to create thrust.