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Purpose: To examine how zero-gravity conditions affect muscle mass. Findings: Muscle atrophy is a significant concern for astronauts in space. Implications for space policy: Development of exercise equipment and regimes mandatory for space missions.

Purpose: To quantify the exposure to cosmic radiation received by astronauts. Findings: Astronauts are exposed to higher levels of radiation, potentially increasing the risk for cancer. Implications for space policy: Need for improved radiation shielding and monitoring.

Purpose: To assess the psychological impact of living in space for long durations. Findings: Issues include isolation, confinement, and stress. Implications for space policy: Importance of psychological screening and support for astronauts.

Purpose: To test the durability of various materials in the harsh conditions of space. Findings: Some materials degrade quickly, while others show high resilience. Implications for space policy: Guiding material selection for spacecraft design and construction.

Purpose: To explore the feasibility of animal breeding in a microgravity environment. Findings: Certain species can successfully reproduce in space. Implications for space policy: Potential for multi-generational space travel and long-term space habitation.

Purpose: To measure the impact of zero-gravity on human bone density. Findings: Significant bone density loss occurs over time in zero-gravity. Implications for space policy: Necessitates osteoporosis prevention measures in manned spaceflight programs.

Purpose: To prevent and mitigate the effects of space debris on missions. Findings: Active debris removal and policy enforcement can reduce risks. Implications for space policy: International agreements and cooperation necessary for space debris management.

Purpose: To ensure adequate nutrition for astronauts. Findings: Specific dietary requirements and preservation methods are essential. Implications for space policy: Food supply considerations for mission length and astronauts' health.

Purpose: To investigate changes in astronauts' vision in space. Findings: Prolonged exposure to microgravity can lead to vision impairment. Implications for space policy: Eye health must be a consideration in mission planning and astronaut selection.

Purpose: To understand how fluids behave in the absence of gravity. Findings: Fluids form spheres and can be manipulated with minimal forces. Implications for space policy: Inform design of fluid systems in spacecraft, like fuel tanks and water supply.

Purpose: To study the effects of microgravity on plant growth. Findings: Plants can grow in space with alterations to their cellular structure. Implications for space policy: Advances in sustaining life for long-duration space missions; potential for space agriculture.