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Planetary Science Discoveries

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Rings of Saturn

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Discovered by Galileo in 1610, they showcase complex interactions and dynamics in planetary ring systems.

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Geysers on Enceladus

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2005, the Cassini spacecraft discovered cryovolcanic geysers shooting water ice, hinting at a subsurface ocean.

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Discovery of Charon

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1978, the discovery of Pluto's largest moon indicated gravitational influences affecting orbital mechanics.

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Volcanism on Io

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Discovered by Voyager 1 in 1979, this finding highlights Io as one of the most volcanically active bodies in the Solar System.

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Subsurface Ocean on Europa

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Evidence first emerged in the late 1990s, suggesting that this moon of Jupiter may harbor an ocean below its icy crust.

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Great Red Spot on Jupiter

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First observed in 1665, this enduring storm is a hallmark of planetary atmospheric studies.

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Discovery of Water Ice on Mars

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2001, confirmed by the Mars Odyssey spacecraft, indicating the potential for life and resources for future missions.

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Atmosphere of Venus

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1962, Mariner 2 confirmed the high temperatures and pressures of Venus's atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect theory.

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Discovery of Pluto

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1930 by Clyde Tombaugh, an important milestone in understanding the outer Solar System and Kuiper Belt.

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Mountain on Vesta

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2012, the Dawn mission revealed a mountain twice the height of Mount Everest, shedding light on impact processes.

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Methane on Mars

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Detected in 2003, the presence of methane can indicate active geological or possibly biological processes.

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Discovery of Exoplanets

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1992, the first confirmed detection of planets outside our Solar System, vital for the study of planetary formation and potential for life.

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Liquid Methane Lakes on Titan

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Confirmed by the Cassini-Huygens mission in 2004, these lakes suggest cryovolcanism and complex organic chemistry.

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Discovery of Ceres

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1801 by Giuseppe Piazzi, recognized as the first and largest object in the asteroid belt, key for understanding early Solar System history.

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Oxygen on Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

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2015, detected by Rosetta mission, challenging ideas about the early Solar System's composition and the origin of water on Earth.

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