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Purpose: To establish a framework for international space law, including the prevention of harmful contamination of celestial bodies. Description: Treaty that forms the basis of international space law and includes clauses that indirectly relate to planetary protection.

Purpose: To prevent biological contamination on both interplanetary missions and Earth to maintain the scientific integrity of extraterrestrial studies. Description: Establishes planetary protection guidelines for space missions to ensure that interplanetary bodies remain in their natural states.

Purpose: To support the avoidance of organic-constituent and biological contamination in human and robotic space exploration. Description: NASA office responsible for ensuring that NASA space missions comply with planetary protection standards.

Purpose: To prevent contamination of Mars with Earth life and vice versa in order to safeguard potential Martian life forms. Description: Special guidelines focused on missions to Mars due to its potential to have hosted life.

Purpose: To prevent contamination of Earth’s biosphere with potential extraterrestrial lifeforms or organic material. Description: Guidelines and containment strategies to safely handle and study samples from other celestial bodies upon their return to Earth.

Purpose: To search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) without causing harmful interference. Description: An initiative that ensures large-scale radio and optical surveys for alien communications avoid contamination.