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Spacecraft Docking Mechanisms
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Probe and Drogue
A system consisting of a probe on one spacecraft that inserts into a cone-shaped drogue on the other. Used in the Gemini and Apollo programs.
Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM)
Utilizes capture latches and bolts to achieve a secure connection, mainly for berthing large modules together. Examples include interconnecting ISS modules.
Androgynous Peripheral Attach System (APAS)
A system allowing both docking and berthing that uses guide petals for alignment. Used in the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, Space Shuttle, and some ISS modules.
International Docking System Standard (IDSS)
A universal docking standard designed to enable spacecraft compatibility across different agencies. Future spacecraft designs are expected to follow IDSS.
Low Impact Docking System (LIDS)
Also known as NASA Docking System, it uses low-impact technology for softer docking, intended for crewed spacecraft. Example: Orion spacecraft.
Nanoracks CubeSat Deployer (NRCSD)
A mechanism designed for deploying small satellites from a spacecraft or space station; it provides a standardized method for CubeSat deployment.
Soft Capture Mechanism (SCM)
Used as part of docking systems to minimize impact forces and align docking interfaces. It's being incorporated in new spacecraft designs such as the SpaceX Dragon.
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