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Space Exploration Missions
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Kepler
2009, Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit, Discovered thousands of exoplanets in a small region of the Milky Way
Spirit and Opportunity Rovers
2003, Mars, Discovery of evidence that water once flowed on the planet's surface
OSIRIS-REx
2016, Asteroid Bennu, Mission to return a sample of the primitive asteroid to Earth
New Horizons
2006, Pluto and the Kuiper Belt, First close-up images of Pluto showing mountains, glaciers, and blue skies
Rosetta
2004, Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, First spacecraft to orbit a comet and deploy a lander
Juno
2011, Jupiter, Enhanced understanding of Jupiter’s atmosphere and magnetic fields
Mariner 4
1964, Mars, First successful flyby of Mars, returned the first pictures of the Martian surface
Dawn
2007, Vesta and Ceres in the Asteroid Belt, First mission to orbit two extraterrestrial bodies, high-resolution mapping of Vesta and Ceres
Curiosity Rover
2011, Mars, Found evidence of ancient freshwater environments that were possibly habitable
Cassini-Huygens
1997, Saturn and its moons, Discovery of water-ice geysers on Enceladus and seasonal changes on Titan
Viking 1
1975, Mars, First successful landing on Mars, searched for biosignatures
Chandra X-ray Observatory
1999, High Earth Orbit, High-resolution X-ray imaging of high-energy regions and phenomena in space
MESSENGER
2004, Mercury, First spacecraft to orbit Mercury, mapped the planet's surface
Apollo 11
1969, The Moon, First manned Moon landing
Voyager 1
1977, Outer Solar System & Interstellar Space, Discovery of active volcanism on Io and detailed images of other Jovian moons
Hubble Space Telescope
1990, Low Earth Orbit, High-resolution images of distant stars, galaxies, nebulae
Galileo
1989, Jupiter, Provided detailed data about Jupiter and its moons including evidence of an ocean beneath Europa's icy crust
James Webb Space Telescope
2021, Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange Point, Infrared observations of the earliest galaxies, stars, and planetary systems
Parker Solar Probe
2018, The Sun, Closest approach of any human-made object to the Sun
InSight
2018, Mars, Studying the interior structure and processes of Mars
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