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MPLS VPN is a family of methods for harnessing the power of multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) to create virtual private networks (VPNs).

A Label Switched Path (LSP) is a predetermined path in an MPLS network that data packets travel along.

Label Edge Router (LER) is an MPLS node which operates at the edge of the MPLS network and is responsible for the imposition and disposition of labels.

An MPLS Label is a short, fixed-length, identifier which is used to forward packets in an MPLS network.

Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) is a group of IP packets that are forwarded in the same manner, over the same path, and with the same forwarding treatment.

The Label Stack is a set of labels attached to a packet in an MPLS network, utilized to make forwarding decisions at each hop.

Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) is an optimization technique in an MPLS network where the penultimate LSR removes the MPLS label before forwarding the packet to the last LSR (LER).

Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) is an extension of the RSVP protocol used to establish LSPs with desired traffic engineering properties in MPLS networks.

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a protocol for speeding up and shaping network traffic flows.