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NAT Overload is another term for Port Address Translation (PAT) where multiple private IP addresses are mapped to a single public IP address, distinguished by unique source port numbers within the transport layer.

Dynamic NAT is a many-to-one form of mapping where each private IP address is mapped to a public IP from a pool of addresses, typically when transitioning from an internal network to the internet.

PAT, often referred to as Overloading, is a type of Dynamic NAT that maps multiple private IP addresses to a single public IP address by using different ports. It's commonly used by small office/home office routers.

Static NAT is a one-to-one mapping between a private IP address and a public IP address. It is often used for hosting services accessible from outside the network, such as a web server.