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Protocol used for signaling to establish, maintain, and terminate VoIP sessions.

Carries the actual media stream during a VoIP call.

Defines the media parameters for a call, such as codecs and media types.

An older protocol suite used for voice and video over IP.

A software-based phone that enables VoIP calling from computing devices.

Connects internal phone lines within a business and also connects them to the public switched telephone network.

Translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses allowing VoIP devices to communicate over the Internet.

A method to allow an end device to discover its public IP address and port number as assigned by a NAT.

Encodes voice signals into digital form for transmission and then decodes them on reception.

Reduces the reflected sound in voice communication to improve call quality.

Temporarily stores incoming packets to compensate for varying packet arrival times.

Ensures that voice traffic is prioritized over other types of traffic to prevent packet loss and delay.

Protects and regulates IP communications flows in and out of a network.

Used for sending user inputs, like dialing numbers or menu navigation, during a call.