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VoIP Fundamentals
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NAT
Translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses allowing VoIP devices to communicate over the Internet.
SIP
Protocol used for signaling to establish, maintain, and terminate VoIP sessions.
H.323
An older protocol suite used for voice and video over IP.
Codec
Encodes voice signals into digital form for transmission and then decodes them on reception.
PBX
Connects internal phone lines within a business and also connects them to the public switched telephone network.
SDP
Defines the media parameters for a call, such as codecs and media types.
STUN
A method to allow an end device to discover its public IP address and port number as assigned by a NAT.
Jitter Buffer
Temporarily stores incoming packets to compensate for varying packet arrival times.
QoS
Ensures that voice traffic is prioritized over other types of traffic to prevent packet loss and delay.
DTMF
Used for sending user inputs, like dialing numbers or menu navigation, during a call.
Softphone
A software-based phone that enables VoIP calling from computing devices.
Echo Cancellation
Reduces the reflected sound in voice communication to improve call quality.
SBC
Protects and regulates IP communications flows in and out of a network.
VoIP Gateway
Converts between traditional phone signals and VoIP signals, connecting PSTN and IP networks.
RTP
Carries the actual media stream during a VoIP call.
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