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VoIP Fundamentals

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NAT

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Translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses allowing VoIP devices to communicate over the Internet.

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SIP

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Protocol used for signaling to establish, maintain, and terminate VoIP sessions.

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H.323

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An older protocol suite used for voice and video over IP.

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Codec

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Encodes voice signals into digital form for transmission and then decodes them on reception.

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PBX

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Connects internal phone lines within a business and also connects them to the public switched telephone network.

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SDP

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Defines the media parameters for a call, such as codecs and media types.

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STUN

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A method to allow an end device to discover its public IP address and port number as assigned by a NAT.

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Jitter Buffer

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Temporarily stores incoming packets to compensate for varying packet arrival times.

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QoS

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Ensures that voice traffic is prioritized over other types of traffic to prevent packet loss and delay.

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DTMF

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Used for sending user inputs, like dialing numbers or menu navigation, during a call.

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Softphone

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A software-based phone that enables VoIP calling from computing devices.

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Echo Cancellation

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Reduces the reflected sound in voice communication to improve call quality.

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SBC

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Protects and regulates IP communications flows in and out of a network.

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VoIP Gateway

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Converts between traditional phone signals and VoIP signals, connecting PSTN and IP networks.

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RTP

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Carries the actual media stream during a VoIP call.

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