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Heat in the form of steam is passed through the plant material to extract essential oils; not typically used in the production of spirits, but similar principles apply in extracting botanicals for some gins.

A technique involving the refluxing of vapors back into the column for further separation. It increases the purity of the final product and is often used in the production of high-proof spirits like some types of vodka.

Early vapors are discarded in this process to remove undesirable components such as methanol; important in the production of all high-quality spirits.

The process of distilling a product more than once to increase its purity and flavor profile. It is particularly common in the creation of Irish and Scottish whiskies.

A continuous distillation process with a vertical column that allows for the separation of vapors at different heights, producing higher alcohol content spirits. Commonly used for vodka and gin.

Used to break azeotropes by adding another component to alter the volatility of the mixture, which can be a necessary step in producing high-proof ethanol for some spirits.

A traditional distillation method using a single heated chamber where the mash is heated, vaporizes, and then condenses. Used to make whisky, rum, and brandy.

A process that separates a mixture into different parts, or 'fractions', by heating it up. Different fractions are collected as they condense at varying temperatures. Utilized for making spirits like blended whiskies.

A distillation process that uses solar energy to produce evaporation and condensation, primarily for water purification and not commonly used for spirits production.