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INC

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Increases the value of the operand by one.

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JLE

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Jumps to a label if the first operand is less than or equal to the second after a comparison (signed comparison).

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SHL/SAL

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Shifts the bits of the operand to the left by a specified count, inserting zeros into the low-order bits.

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MOVS

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Moves data from the source string operand to the destination string operand.

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CMPS

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Compares two string operands.

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SUB

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Subtracts the second operand from the first and stores the result in the first operand.

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MUL

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Performs unsigned multiplication on the accumulator and the operand.

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CMP

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Compares two operands by performing a subtraction and updating the flags according to the result (without storing the result).

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CALL

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Jumps to a subroutine at the specified address and saves the address of the subsequent instruction onto the stack.

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AND

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Performs a bitwise AND operation between the two operands and stores the result in the first operand.

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SCAS

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Scans a string until it finds a byte or word that equals the accumulator's value.

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STD

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Sets the direction flag, causing string operations to decrement the index registers (DI and/or SI).

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JB

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Jumps to a label if the first operand is below the second after a comparison (unsigned comparison).

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JBE

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Jumps to a label if the first operand is below or equal to the second after a comparison (unsigned comparison).

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HLT

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Halts the processor by stopping instruction execution and placing the processor in a halt state.

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MOV

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Copies the value from second operand to the first operand.

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OR

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Performs a bitwise inclusive OR operation between the two operands and stores the result in the first operand.

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REP

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Used as a prefix to repeat the following instruction until the CX register decrements to zero.

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ENTER

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Creates a stack frame for procedure parameters.

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DIV

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Divides the accumulator by the operand; the quotient is stored in the accumulator.

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JG

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Jumps to a label if the first operand is greater than the second after a comparison (signed comparison).

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JAE

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Jumps to a label if the first operand is above or equal to the second after a comparison (unsigned comparison).

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SAR

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Shifts the bits of the operand to the right by a specified count, copying the operand's most significant bit (sign bit) into the high-order bits.

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LOCK

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Used as a prefix to ensure exclusive use of shared memory in multi-processor environments.

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JL

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Jumps to a label if the first operand is less than the second after a comparison (signed comparison).

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LOOP

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Decreases the count register (CX) by 1 and jumps to a label if CX is not zero.

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LODS

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Loads the value from the source string operand into the accumulator.

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XOR

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Performs a bitwise exclusive OR operation between the two operands and stores the result in the first operand.

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NOT

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Performs a bitwise NOT operation (complement) on the operand.

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POP

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Retrieves the top value from the stack and places it into the operand, then increments the stack pointer.

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REPE/REPZ

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Repeats the following instruction until the CX register decrements to zero or the zero flag becomes clear.

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JE

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Jumps to a label if the last comparison resulted in equality (zero flag is set).

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NOP

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Performs no operation and moves to the next instruction.

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PUSH

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Decrements the stack pointer and then places the operand on the top of the stack.

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LEA

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Loads the effective address of the operand into the specified register.

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OUTS

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Outputs from a string buffer in memory to a port.

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LEAVE

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Destroys a stack frame created by the ENTER instruction.

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ADD

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Adds the first and second operand and stores the result in the first operand.

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JGE

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Jumps to a label if the first operand is greater than or equal to the second after a comparison (signed comparison).

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CLD

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Clears the direction flag, causing string operations to increment the index registers (DI and/or SI).

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RET

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Returns from a subroutine and transfers control to the instruction at the address on the top of the stack.

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REPNE/REPNZ

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Repeats the following instruction until the CX register decrements to zero or the zero flag is set.

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DEC

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Decreases the value of the operand by one.

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JMP

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Causes execution to jump to a specified label or address.

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JNE

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Jumps to a label if the last comparison did not result in equality (zero flag is clear).

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INS

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Inputs from a port to a string buffer in memory.

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JA

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Jumps to a label if the first operand is above the second after a comparison (unsigned comparison).

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STOS

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Stores the accumulator's value into the destination string operand.

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STI

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Sets the interrupt flag, enabling hardware interrupts.

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INT

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Generates a software interrupt by invoking the interrupt handler specified by the operand.

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SHR

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Shifts the bits of the operand to the right by a specified count, inserting zeros into the high-order bits.

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CLI

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Clears the interrupt flag, disabling hardware interrupts.

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