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Computer Memory Hierarchy

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VRAM

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Video Random Access Memory: used to store image data for processing by the video adapter.

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Off-Chip Memory

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Any type of memory that is external to the CPU chip, accessed over a memory bus.

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PROM

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Programmable Read-Only Memory: a form of digital memory where the setting of each bit is locked by a fuse or antifuse.

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FIFO Memory Buffer

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First In, First Out memory buffer used in computing systems to handle data queues efficiently.

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ROM

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Read-Only Memory: non-volatile memory used to store firmware or software that is not intended to be modified frequently.

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DDR SDRAM

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Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM: an advanced version of SDRAM that achieves greater bandwidth while maintaining the same clock frequency.

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Secondary Memory

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Non-volatile memory used to store data long term, includes devices like HDDs and SSDs.

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ECC Memory

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Error-Correcting Code memory: RAM which includes extra memory bits used for error detection and correction to improve data integrity.

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Register

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High-speed storage within the CPU, stores temporary data for quick access

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Virtual Memory

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A memory management technique that provides an 'idealized abstraction' of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine.

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Primary Memory (RAM)

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Volatile memory used by computers to store running programs and the data programs are working with, directly accessible by the CPU.

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DRAM

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Dynamic Random Access Memory: type of volatile memory where each bit is stored in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit.

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SDRAM

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Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory: volatile memory that operates in synchronization with the system bus.

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Cache Memory

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Small-sized volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data access to a processor and stores frequently used computer programs, applications, and data.

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Tertiary Memory

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Storage solutions for large amounts of data that need to be retained over long periods but not frequently accessed, like tape drives.

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NVRAM

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Non-Volatile Random Access Memory: persistent memory that retains its data when power is turned off.

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SRAM

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Static Random Access Memory: type of volatile memory that uses bistable latching circuitry to store each bit.

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Flash Memory

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A type of non-volatile memory that can be electronically erased and reprogrammed, widely used for storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products.

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FeRAM

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Ferroelectric RAM: a random-access memory similar in construction to DRAM but using a ferroelectric layer instead of a dielectric layer.

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Frame Buffer

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A portion of RAM containing a bitmap that drives a video display.

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MRAM

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Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory: a non-volatile memory that stores data in magnetic domains.

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NUMA

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Non-Uniform Memory Access: A memory design where the memory access time depends on the memory location relative to a processor.

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Content-Addressable Memory

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A special type of computer memory used in applications requiring high-speed searching, such as networking devices.

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PRAM

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Phase-change RAM: a type of non-volatile random-access memory that stores data by changing the phase of a material.

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GDDR SDRAM

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Graphics Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM: a type of memory specifically designed for use in graphics cards.

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