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A compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. It typically includes a processor, memory, and I/O interfaces.

A central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC), which executes a list of instructions and processes data.

A type of non-volatile memory that can be electronically erased and reprogrammed, often used for storage and data retention in embedded systems.

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, a type of non-volatile memory used in embedded systems to store small amounts of data that must be preserved during power loss.

Static Random Access Memory, a type of volatile memory that uses bistable latching circuitry to store data, typically used for a processor's cache.

Dynamic Random Access Memory, a type of volatile memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit and needs periodic refreshing.

Analog-to-Digital Converter, a device that converts analog signals to digital data that can be processed by a microprocessor.

Digital-to-Analog Converter, a device that converts digital data into an analog signal.

General Purpose Input/Output, a generic pin on an integrated circuit whose behavior can be controlled by the user at runtime.

Pulse Width Modulation, a technique used to emulate an analog signal using a digital output by varying the width of the pulses.

Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, a serial communication protocol used for communicating with serial devices over long distances.

Serial Peripheral Interface, a synchronous serial communication interface specification used for short distance communication, primarily in embedded systems.

Inter-Integrated Circuit, a multi-master, multi-slave, packet switched, single-ended, serial communication bus invented by Philips.

Controller Area Network bus, a robust vehicle bus standard designed to allow microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other's applications without a host computer.

Real-Time Clock, an IC that keeps track of the current time and date, typically used in computers, servers, and embedded systems.

Light Emitting Diode, a semiconductor light source that emits light when current flows through it, used for indicator lights and displays in embedded systems.

Liquid Crystal Display, a display device used for displaying arbitrary images or fixed images with low information content.

Organic Light Emitting Diode, a light emitting technology composed of thin flexible sheets of an organic electroluminescent material, used for creating digital displays.

A semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power, fundamental to modern electronics.

A device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment, such as light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure.

A device that converts energy into motion, often used in conjunction with control systems or embedded devices to perform physical tasks.

A passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by an electronic or a mechanical device, allowing regulation of the device's temperature at optimal levels.

A thermally conductive (but usually electrically insulating) compound, which is applied between the CPU and its heat sink to eliminate air gaps and improve heat transfer.

An electronic device that provides a stable DC output voltage irrespective of the input voltage or load conditions, used in power supplies.

A device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electronic devices.

An electronic module or device that allows a microcontroller to control the motion and direction of an electric motor.

An audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric and is used in embedded systems for audible signals.

A mechanical or electronic device that opens or closes an electrical circuit, used in embedded systems as an input device.

A passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element, used to reduce current flow and lower voltage levels within circuits.

A passive two-terminal electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric field, used as a filter to smooth out voltage fluctuations.

A passive electronic component that stores energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it, used in filters, chokes, and tuning circuits.

An electronic oscillator circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal to create an electrical signal with a precise frequency.

A semiconductor device that allows current to flow in one direction only, functioning as a one-way switch.

An electrically operated switch used to control a circuit by a low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.

A three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage divider, often used for dialing in a specific voltage or controlling a parameter.

A safety device consisting of a strip of wire that melts and breaks an electric circuit if the current exceeds a safe level.

Insulated wire with a connector or pin at each end, used for interconnecting components on a prototyping board or within an embedded system.

A fundamental building block of digital circuits, used to perform basic logical functions such as AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR.