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Converts light into an electrical current.

Stores energy in an electric field.

Stores energy in a magnetic field.

Relation between voltage, current, and resistance.

Selects one of several input signals and forwards the selected input into a single line.

Any linear circuit can be simplified to a single voltage source and series resistance.

Any collection of voltage sources and resistors with two terminals can be replaced by a single current source in parallel with a single resistor.

A set of electronic circuits on one small plate ('chip') of semiconductor material.

Performs mathematical operations such as amplification.

A solid-state semiconductor device with four layers of alternating N and P-type material.

Divides input current into a lower output current by parallel resistors.

The sum of all voltages around a closed loop is zero.

The sum of currents entering a junction equals the sum leaving.

In a linear circuit with several sources, the voltage/current is the algebraic sum of the voltages/currents from each source acting alone.

Limits the flow of electric current in a circuit.

Maximum power is transferred when the load resistance equals the Thevenin resistance of the circuit supplying power.

A variable resistor often used to adjust levels.

Generates periodic electronic signals.

Allows current to flow in only one direction.

Divides input voltage into a lower output voltage based on the ratio of the resistors.

Converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Transfers electrical energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction.

A type of transistor that uses both electron and hole charge carriers.

A transistor that uses an electric field to control the shape and hence the conductivity of a channel.

Used to amplify or switch electronic signals.

Passes signals within a certain frequency range and attenuates signals outside that range.

Converts alternating current electrical energy into mechanical energy.

An electrically operated switch using electromagnetism.

Protects circuits against excessive transient voltages by changing resistance.

Allows current to flow in the reverse direction when voltage surpasses the Zener voltage.

A circuit containing an inductor (L) and a capacitor (C).

Converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).

Provides mechanical support and electrical connection for electronic components.

Performs basic logical functions in digital circuits.