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Cargo Handling and Stowage

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Gantry Crane

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A crane built atop a gantry, which is a structure used to straddle an object or workspace.

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Breakbulk Cargo

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General cargo or goods that are not transported in containers but are handled individually, palletized, or in bags, boxes, or barrels.

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Container Ship

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A cargo ship that carries all of her load in truck-size intermodal containers, in a technique called containerization.

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Reefer Ship

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A refrigerated cargo ship; a type of ship typically used to transport perishable commodities which require temperature-controlled handling, such as fruit, vegetables, meat, and dairy products.

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Bill of Lading

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A legal document between a shipper and carrier that details the type, quantity, and destination of the goods being carried.

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Tanker

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A ship designed for the bulk transport of oil or its products. Other versions carry bulk cargo of chemicals, liquid natural gas, or compressed natural gas.

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Bulkhead

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An upright wall within the hull of a ship or within the fuselage of an airplane.

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Hatch Cover

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A cover used to close off the cargo hatches to prevent the ingress of water and to protect the cargo from being lost overboard.

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Jettison

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The act of throwing cargo or equipment overboard when it is in danger, to lighten the ship's load in an emergency.

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Pallet

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A flat transport structure that supports goods in a stable fashion while being lifted by a forklift, pallet jack, or other jacking device.

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Twist Lock

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A locking mechanism in each corner of a shipping container used to secure containers together and to the deck of the ship or truck trailer bed.

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Forklift

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A small industrial vehicle with a power-operated pronged platform that can be raised and lowered for insertion under a cargo to lift or move it.

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Stowage Plan

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A detailed diagram that shows where and how the cargoes or containers are placed on board of a cargo ship or container vessel.

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Derrick

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A lifting device composed of one mast or pole which is hinged freely at the bottom and can be rotated over a circular area for moving cargo.

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Containerization

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The system of intermodal freight transport using intermodal containers that can be loaded onto container ships, railroad cars, planes, and trucks.

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Deadweight Tonnage (DWT)

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A measure of how much weight a ship can carry, including cargo, fuel, fresh water, ballast water, provisions, passengers, and crew.

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Feeder Vessel

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A short-sea vessel which provides a feedering service between a large port and smaller ports.

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General Average

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A principle of maritime law whereby all stakeholders in a sea venture proportionately share the losses resulting from a voluntary sacrifice of part of the ship or cargo to save the whole in an emergency.

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Bollard

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A strong cylindrical upright on a quay, to which a ship's mooring lines are secured.

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Ro-Ro Ship

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Short for roll-on/roll-off ships, these are vessels designed to carry wheeled cargo such as cars, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers, and railroad cars that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels.

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