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Maritime Law Essentials
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Freedom of the High Seas
In maritime context, this principle allows for the free navigation of ships of all nations beyond territorial waters.
Right of Innocent Passage
This legal principle permits a vessel to pass through the territorial waters of another state so long as it is not harmful to the peace, good order, or security of the state.
Maritime Lien
A maritime lien is a privileged claim upon sea-connected property, such as a ship, for services rendered to, or injuries caused by that property.
Salvage Law
This law governs the reward entitled to someone who successfully recovers another's ship or cargo after it was lost at sea.
General Average
A principle of maritime law where all parties in a sea venture proportionally share the losses resulting from a voluntary sacrifice of part of the ship or cargo to save the whole.
Maritime Zones
Legal divisions of areas of water as per UNCLOS that determine the rights and responsibilities a state has, including territorial waters, contiguous zone, EEZ, and high seas.
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs)
A set of international rules that are legally binding and govern the movement of vessels to prevent collisions.
Seaworthiness
The requirement that a vessel is properly equipped, maintained, and crewed to safely navigate the sea.
Cabotage Laws
These laws regulate the transport of goods or passengers between two places in the same country by a foreign vessel or company.
Maritime Labour Convention
This international convention sets minimum standards for nearly every aspect of working and living conditions for seafarers.
Flag State
Refers to the country under whose laws a vessel is registered or licensed, directly affecting the laws by which it must abide.
Port State Control
A system where foreign ships are inspected to ensure compliance with international regulations when visiting national ports.
Law of the Sea
A body of public international law that regulates the rights and responsibilities of states in maritime environments, including navigation, territorial waters, and economic rights.
Ship Registration
The process by which a ship is documented and given nationality, which determines the rights and obligations of the shipowner.
Admiralty Law
A distinct body of law which governs maritime questions and offenses and is applied by maritime courts.
Bareboat Charter
An arrangement for the chartering or hiring of a ship whereby no crew or provisions are included as part of the agreement.
Pollution Prevention Regulations
Laws designed to protect the maritime environment by controlling the discharge of pollutants by vessels and the use of marine resources.
International Safety Management (ISM) Code
An international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention.
Jones Act
United States federal statute that regulates maritime commerce in U.S. waters and between U.S. ports, requiring goods shipped between U.S. ports to be transported on ships that are built, owned, and operated by United States citizens or permanent residents.
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
The principal international treaty concerning the safety of merchant ships, setting minimum safety standards in the construction, equipment, and operation.
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