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Marine Fuel Types and Uses
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Bunker Fuel
Term for any fuel used aboard ships, typically refers to the heavy, residual oil used before more stringent regulations.
Intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO)
Blend of heavy fuel oil and marine gas oil, characteristics depend on the blend.
Marine Diesel Oil (MDO)
Less viscous than HFO, doesn't require heating. Used in smaller engines and auxiliary engines.
Marine Gas Oil (MGO)
A distillate fuel that is cleaner than HFO or MDO. Used in areas with strict emissions control.
Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Only emits water vapor, requires significant investment in infrastructure and technology.
Methanol
Biodegradable and produces fewer pollutants. Suitable for short sea shipping and ferries.
Nuclear Power
Offers almost unlimited range. Strict regulations due to safety concerns and radioactive waste.
Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)
Most common type used in commercial shipping due to its cost-effectiveness. High in sulfur, requires heating before use.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
Produces less CO2 and NOx emissions. Requires cryogenic technology for storage and handling.
Biofuel
Renewable source made from biological materials. Reduction in overall lifecycle CO2 emissions.
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