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Combustion of diesel fuel powers pistons, which turn the propeller shaft. Efficient and widely used in modern shipping.

Uses high-pressure steam to turn a turbine connected to the propeller. Historically significant, but less common today due to efficiency concerns.

Utilizes a gas turbine engine to generate thrust. Offers high power-to-weight ratio and is often used for fast ships or in combination with other engines.

Employs a nuclear reactor to produce steam for a turbine. Provides almost unlimited range without refueling, used primarily in submarines and aircraft carriers.

Harnesses wind energy using sails or wings to propel a ship. An ancient method that is now being reconsidered for modern, sustainable shipping solutions.

Solar panels capture sunlight to generate electricity which powers an electric motor for propulsion. Best for smaller vessels and auxiliary power.

Powered by electric motors using power stored in batteries or generated from fuel cells. Quiet and efficient, commonly used for submarines or auxiliary systems.

Employs a vertical airfoil that rotates to create lift and thrust from the wind. A modern approach that can be coupled with traditional engines.

Uses spinning cylinders (Flettner rotors) to utilize the Magnus effect for propulsion. Known for increased fuel efficiency in favorable wind conditions.

Generates thrust by passing seawater through a magnetic field. Silent and no moving parts, but currently not practical for large-scale use due to efficiency issues.

Utilizes energy from surface waves to propel vessels. Still largely experimental and best used for auxiliary power or small boats.

Employs large wheels with paddles to push water and propel a vessel. An old method now mostly used on riverboats and for heritage reasons.

Uses large kites flown ahead of a vessel to capture wind energy and reduce fuel consumption. Supplemental system aiding conventional propulsion.

A vertical axis propeller that offers exceptional maneuverability. The circular array of blades can be rotated to change thrust direction very quickly.