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Waterborne Diseases and Prevention
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Schistosomiasis
Symptoms: Itchy skin, fever, chills, cough, and muscle aches. Transmission: Freshwater contaminated by Schistosoma parasites. Prevention measures: Avoid swimming in contaminated water, access to safe drinking water, snail control in water bodies.
Amoebiasis
Symptoms: Loose stool, abdominal cramping, and stomach pain. Transmission: Contaminated food or water, fecal-oral route. Prevention measures: Safe drinking water, adequate sanitation, good personal hygiene.
Norovirus
Symptoms: Diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and stomach pain. Transmission: Contaminated food or water, person-to-person, contaminated surfaces. Prevention measures: Proper hand washing, disinfecting contaminated surfaces, safe food handling.
Cholera
Symptoms: Severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. Transmission: Contaminated water and food. Prevention measures: Adequate sanitation, safe drinking water, and proper food hygiene.
Giardiasis
Symptoms: Diarrhea, gas, greasy stools, stomach cramps, and nausea. Transmission: Contaminated water, person-to-person, and animal-to-person. Prevention measures: Good hygiene, avoiding contaminated water, filtration and boiling of drinking water.
Legionnaires' Disease
Symptoms: Cough, shortness of breath, high fever, muscle pains, and headaches. Transmission: Inhaling aerosols containing the bacteria. Prevention measures: Water system maintenance to prevent Legionella growth, proper design of water systems.
Cryptosporidiosis
Symptoms: Watery diarrhea, stomach cramps or pain, dehydration, nausea, vomiting, fever, and weight loss. Transmission: Contaminated water, person-to-person, animal-to-person. Prevention measures: Good hygiene, avoiding contaminated water, water treatment.
Polio
Symptoms: Fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting, fatigue, and back pain or stiffness. In severe cases, can lead to paralysis. Transmission: The fecal-oral route, contaminated water or food. Prevention measures: Vaccination, improved sanitation, and hygiene.
Hepatitis A
Symptoms: Fatigue, sudden nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Transmission: Ingestion of contaminated food or water. Prevention measures: Vaccination, proper sanitation, and personal hygiene practices.
Typhoid Fever
Symptoms: High fever, weakness, stomach pains, headache, and loss of appetite. Transmission: Contaminated food and water. Prevention measures: Safe drinking water, adequate sanitation, and vaccination.
E. coli Infection
Symptoms: Diarrhea, which may be bloody, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Transmission: Contaminated food or water, person-to-person. Prevention measures: Cook meat thoroughly, wash fruits and vegetables, practice good hygiene.
Leptospirosis
Symptoms: High fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, vomiting, jaundice, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rash. Transmission: Contact with water contaminated by the urine of infected animals. Prevention measures: Avoiding contact with contaminated water, rodent control, protective clothing.
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