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Electronic Materials
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Sapphire
Insulating material, used as a substrate in LED manufacturing, chemically resistant and hard
Nitinol
Shape memory alloy, used in medical devices and actuators, superelasticity and biocompatibility
Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)
Piezoelectric material, used in sensors and actuators, has a perovskite structure
Germanium
Semiconductor, historically used in transistors, higher electron mobility than silicon
Gallium Arsenide
Semiconductor, used in high-speed devices and LEDs, has a direct band gap
Polyimide
Polymer with high thermal stability, used for flexible printed circuits and as insulating film, can withstand high temperatures
Perovskite
Material used in solar cells and light-emitting diodes, has high light absorption coefficient and charge-carrier mobilities
Silicon
Semiconductor, used in chips and solar panels, abundant and relatively inexpensive
Graphene
Strong, lightweight, conductive, potential use in flexible electronics and high-speed transistors
Indium Phosphide
Semiconductor, used in high-frequency and high-power electronics, has a direct band gap
Silicon Carbide
Semiconductor, used in high temperature and high voltage applications, robust material
Borosilicate Glass
Type of glass with low thermal expansion, used in laboratory glassware and cooking ware, resistant to thermal shock
Aluminum Nitride
Ceramic material, used as a substrate for electronics, high thermal conductivity and electrical insulating property
Zinc Oxide
Semiconductor used in varistors and piezoelectric devices, has a wide band gap and is used in sunscreens for UV protection
Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS)
Semiconductor, used in thin-film solar cells, has a high absorption coefficient
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