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Monitors the release of kinetic energy from a material undergoing stress (sound waves emitted from cracks propagating). Used for process control, quality control, and safety monitoring.

Uses infrared imaging to evaluate the thermal performance of a material or structure. Variations in thermal conductivity can indicate flaws such as delamination or water intrusion.

Relies on the electromagnetic induction in conductive materials to identify defects, conductivity, and material composition changes.

Employs electromagnetic radiation (X-rays or gamma rays) to view the internal structure of an object. Ideal for inspecting weld quality and internal defects.

The most basic form of NDT, it involves the use of a trained eye to identify defects such as misalignments, corrosion, and physical damage.

Determines the presence or absence of leaks in parts that are expected to be airtight or watertight by using techniques like pressure change, bubble, or halogen diode detection.

Uses high-frequency sound waves to detect internal flaws or to characterize materials. Commonly used for evaluating the thickness of materials and detecting flaws such as cracks and delamination.

Analyzes the vibrational characteristics of a material or structure. Used to detect imbalance, misalignment, wear, or insufficiently secured parts.

Uses magnetic fields to locate surface and near-surface discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials. Indications of a flaw can be visually detected with iron particles.