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Mechanical Properties of Materials
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Poisson's Ratio
The ratio of the transverse strain to the axial strain in a stretched material.
Elasticity
The ability of a material to absorb energy and deform under stress but return to its original shape when the stress is removed.
Ductility
The ability of a material to deform under tensile stress. It is often characterized by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire.
Thermal Expansion Coefficient
The rate at which a material expands with a change in temperature.
Fracture Toughness
The ability of a material with a pre-existing flaw to resist fracture via crack propagation.
Corrosion Resistance
The ability of materials to resist chemical degradation by their environment.
Tensile Strength
The resistance of a material to breaking under tension. It is important for applications where the material will experience pulling forces.
Creep
The slow, permanent deformation of a material under a constant load over a long period.
Shear Strength
The maximum shear stress that a material can withstand before failure occurs.
Shear Modulus
The ratio of shear stress to shear strain in a material, it describes the material's response to shear stress.
Plasticity
The deformation of a material undergoing non-reversible changes of shape in response to applied forces.
Fatigue Limit
The maximum stress amplitude level below which a material can endure an essentially infinite number of stress cycles and not fail in fatigue.
Wear Resistance
The ability of a material to withstand mechanical action such as rubbing, scraping, or erosion that tends progressively to remove material from its surface.
Compressive Strength
The capacity of a material to withstand loads tending to reduce size. It's applicable when materials are subject to squashing forces.
Hardness
A measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation. It is judged by the ability to resist scratching or indentation.
Toughness
The measure of a material's ability to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.
Impact Strength
The capability of a material to withstand high-rate loading and it is typically measured by impact tests where specimens are subjected to hammer blows.
Young's Modulus
The ratio of the stress (force per unit area) along an axis to the strain (ratio of deformation over initial length) along that axis in the range of stress where Hooke's Law holds.
Yield Strength
The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically. Before the yield point the material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed.
Fatigue Strength
The stress level below which an infinite number of loading cycles can be applied to a material without causing fatigue failure.
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