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The resistance of a material to breaking under tension. It is important for applications where the material will experience pulling forces.

The capacity of a material to withstand loads tending to reduce size. It's applicable when materials are subject to squashing forces.

The ratio of the stress (force per unit area) along an axis to the strain (ratio of deformation over initial length) along that axis in the range of stress where Hooke's Law holds.

The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically. Before the yield point the material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed.

A measure of a material's resistance to localized plastic deformation. It is judged by the ability to resist scratching or indentation.

The ability of a material to deform under tensile stress. It is often characterized by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire.

The stress level below which an infinite number of loading cycles can be applied to a material without causing fatigue failure.

The slow, permanent deformation of a material under a constant load over a long period.

The rate at which a material expands with a change in temperature.

The ability of a material with a pre-existing flaw to resist fracture via crack propagation.

The ability of a material to absorb energy and deform under stress but return to its original shape when the stress is removed.

The deformation of a material undergoing non-reversible changes of shape in response to applied forces.

The measure of a material's ability to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.

The ratio of the transverse strain to the axial strain in a stretched material.

The maximum shear stress that a material can withstand before failure occurs.

The ratio of shear stress to shear strain in a material, it describes the material's response to shear stress.

The maximum stress amplitude level below which a material can endure an essentially infinite number of stress cycles and not fail in fatigue.

The capability of a material to withstand high-rate loading and it is typically measured by impact tests where specimens are subjected to hammer blows.

The ability of a material to withstand mechanical action such as rubbing, scraping, or erosion that tends progressively to remove material from its surface.