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Material changes due to exposure to ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays or neutrons - Shielding materials and radiation-resistant alloys are used for protection.

Corrosion that occurs at the interface between two different metals in the presence of an electrolyte - Use of similar metals, isolating materials, or protective coatings can prevent it.

Decomposition of materials when exposed to excessive heat - Thermal stabilization additives and heat-resistant materials can reduce this effect.

Material weakening due to ultraviolet light - Stabilizers or protective coatings are used for prevention.

Deterioration and loss of material due to chemical reactions - Prevention includes coatings, corrosion inhibitors, and selection of corrosion-resistant materials.

Wear of material by flowing liquid or gas carrying abrasive particles - Using erosion-resistant materials or by controlling the flow dynamics.

Slow, permanent deformation of materials under constant load over time - Using creep-resistant materials and limiting operating temperatures can mitigate the effects.

The combined effect of tensile stress and corrosive environment leading to crack propagation in materials - Prevention through stress relief treatments and using SCC-resistant materials.

Breakdown of materials by biological means, often by microbes - Biocide treatments and the use of biodegradation-resistant materials can be effective.

Chemical breakdown due to reaction with water - Use of hydrolysis-resistant polymers and employing moisture barriers.

Failure of a material due to repeated stress cycling - Design to avoid cyclic loads at resonant frequencies and using fatigue-resistant materials helps prevent.

Wear damage at the contact surfaces due to small amplitude oscillation - Lubrication, surface treatment, and designing to avoid relative movement are methods of prevention.

Degradation of materials at high temperatures due to reaction with oxygen - Protection by applying thermal barrier coatings or using oxidation-resistant materials.

Material loss due to mechanical scraping or rubbing - Hardened surfaces, abrasive-resistant materials or coatings, and lubrication are used for protection.