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Used in glassmaking, electronics (as a silicon semiconductor), and optics.

Used in the manufacture of ceramics, as a filler in paints, plastics, and rubber, and in the production of glass.

Used as an insulator in electrical equipment, in cosmetics for shimmer, and as a heat shield in space vehicles.

Used in the manufacture of cement, as a flux in steel production, and for soil stabilization.

Used as a source of magnesium oxide, in steelmaking as a flux, and for acid neutralization.

Primarily used for road de-icing and as table salt, also in food preservation and seasoning.

Used in the production of plaster, wallboard, and cement, and as a fertilizer.

The main source of aluminum, used in the production of automobile parts, airplanes, and packaging materials.

Once used as a source of sulfur and sulfuric acid, now primarily as a mineral specimen.

The primary ore of lead, used in the production of lead-acid batteries, bullets, and as a radiation shield.

A major source of copper, used in electrical wires, pipes, and coins.

The most important ore of zinc, used in galvanized steel, die-casting of intricate machine parts, and alloys.

An important source of iron ore, used in steel production and as a pigment in black paints.

A primary ore of iron, used in steel manufacturing, and as a pigment (red ochre).

Used as a pigment in yellow, brown, and ochre paints, and as a minor ore of iron.

Used in the manufacture of hydrofluoric acid, as a flux in steel production, and in the production of fluoropolymer plastics.

Used as a filler in ceramics, paint, paper, roofing materials, plastics, and rubber; in cosmetics as a body powder.

Used as a source of phosphorus for fertilizers, in biological systems (teeth and bones), and as a gemstone.

Used in drilling muds for oil and gas wells, as a white pigment, and as a filler in textiles and rubber.

Used as an abrasive in sandpaper, in waterjet cutting, and as a gemstone.

Used in lubricants, as the 'lead' in pencils, as a moderator in nuclear reactors, and for electrodes in batteries.

The primary ore of tin, used in the production of tin cans, in solder, and in bronze and pewter.

Used as an ore of iron and as a mineral specimen.

The primary ore of mercury, used in thermometers, barometers, and electrical equipment; also a historic pigment.

A source of rare earth elements, used in manufacturing electronics, in alloys, and as a minor source of thorium.

Used in foundries, refractories, ceramics, and as a diamond substitute and gemstone.

Used as a copper ore and historically as a pigment; nowadays primarily a collector's mineral.

An ore of copper that tarnishes to a unique purple color, used as a minor ore of copper and as a mineral specimen.

The main source of titanium, used in paints, plastics, paper, foods, and cosmetics.

Used in refractory bricks and forsterite is used in glass and ceramic production.

Used in ceramics, as a gemstone, and kyanite's high heat resistance makes it suitable for use in refractory products.

Used as a drying agent in plaster, paint, and varnish, and as a soil treatment agent.

Previously used for fireproofing, insulation, brake linings, and roofing materials, now banned in many countries due to health hazards.

The primary ore of uranium, used for nuclear fuel and in nuclear weapons.

Source of niobium and tantalum, used in high-strength steel alloys and for capacitors in electronic devices like mobile phones.

An ore of lithium used in the manufacturing of lithium batteries, ceramics, and glass.

Used as an abrasive, and as a gemstone in its transparent colored forms (ruby and sapphire).

The primary ore of tungsten, used in metalworking, construction and electrical machinery and equipment.

Used as a copper ore, in jewelry, and historically, as a pigment.

An ore of tungsten, which is used in steel alloys for hardness.

One of the main sources of titanium, used in the paint industry and in high-strength-low-alloy steels.

Historically used for insulation, fireproofing, and textiles; now banned in many places due to health risks.

Used in catalytic converters, jewelry, laboratory equipment, and electrical contacts.