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Common Minerals and Their Uses

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Hematite

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A primary ore of iron, used in steel manufacturing, and as a pigment (red ochre).

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Limonite

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Used as a pigment in yellow, brown, and ochre paints, and as a minor ore of iron.

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Chrysotile

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Previously used for fireproofing, insulation, brake linings, and roofing materials, now banned in many countries due to health hazards.

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Wolframite

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The primary ore of tungsten, used in metalworking, construction and electrical machinery and equipment.

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Mica

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Used as an insulator in electrical equipment, in cosmetics for shimmer, and as a heat shield in space vehicles.

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Apatite

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Used as a source of phosphorus for fertilizers, in biological systems (teeth and bones), and as a gemstone.

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Zircon

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Used in foundries, refractories, ceramics, and as a diamond substitute and gemstone.

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Anhydrite

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Used as a drying agent in plaster, paint, and varnish, and as a soil treatment agent.

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Azurite

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Used as a copper ore and historically as a pigment; nowadays primarily a collector's mineral.

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Spodumene

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An ore of lithium used in the manufacturing of lithium batteries, ceramics, and glass.

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Platinum

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Used in catalytic converters, jewelry, laboratory equipment, and electrical contacts.

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Fluorite

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Used in the manufacture of hydrofluoric acid, as a flux in steel production, and in the production of fluoropolymer plastics.

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Calcite

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Used in the manufacture of cement, as a flux in steel production, and for soil stabilization.

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Galena

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The primary ore of lead, used in the production of lead-acid batteries, bullets, and as a radiation shield.

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Graphite

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Used in lubricants, as the 'lead' in pencils, as a moderator in nuclear reactors, and for electrodes in batteries.

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Corundum

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Used as an abrasive, and as a gemstone in its transparent colored forms (ruby and sapphire).

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Scheelite

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An ore of tungsten, which is used in steel alloys for hardness.

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Quartz

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Used in glassmaking, electronics (as a silicon semiconductor), and optics.

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Dolomite

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Used as a source of magnesium oxide, in steelmaking as a flux, and for acid neutralization.

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Monazite

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A source of rare earth elements, used in manufacturing electronics, in alloys, and as a minor source of thorium.

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Columbite-Tantalite

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Source of niobium and tantalum, used in high-strength steel alloys and for capacitors in electronic devices like mobile phones.

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Ilmenite

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One of the main sources of titanium, used in the paint industry and in high-strength-low-alloy steels.

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Chalcopyrite

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A major source of copper, used in electrical wires, pipes, and coins.

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Sphalerite

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The most important ore of zinc, used in galvanized steel, die-casting of intricate machine parts, and alloys.

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Magnetite

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An important source of iron ore, used in steel production and as a pigment in black paints.

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Uraninite

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The primary ore of uranium, used for nuclear fuel and in nuclear weapons.

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Cassiterite

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The primary ore of tin, used in the production of tin cans, in solder, and in bronze and pewter.

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Feldspar

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Used in the manufacture of ceramics, as a filler in paints, plastics, and rubber, and in the production of glass.

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Pyrite

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Once used as a source of sulfur and sulfuric acid, now primarily as a mineral specimen.

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Siderite

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Used as an ore of iron and as a mineral specimen.

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Talc

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Used as a filler in ceramics, paint, paper, roofing materials, plastics, and rubber; in cosmetics as a body powder.

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Barite

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Used in drilling muds for oil and gas wells, as a white pigment, and as a filler in textiles and rubber.

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Bornite

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An ore of copper that tarnishes to a unique purple color, used as a minor ore of copper and as a mineral specimen.

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Olivine

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Used in refractory bricks and forsterite is used in glass and ceramic production.

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Halite

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Primarily used for road de-icing and as table salt, also in food preservation and seasoning.

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Malachite

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Used as a copper ore, in jewelry, and historically, as a pigment.

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Cinnabar

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The primary ore of mercury, used in thermometers, barometers, and electrical equipment; also a historic pigment.

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Gypsum

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Used in the production of plaster, wallboard, and cement, and as a fertilizer.

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Bauxite

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The main source of aluminum, used in the production of automobile parts, airplanes, and packaging materials.

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Garnet

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Used as an abrasive in sandpaper, in waterjet cutting, and as a gemstone.

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Rutile

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The main source of titanium, used in paints, plastics, paper, foods, and cosmetics.

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Kyanite

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Used in ceramics, as a gemstone, and kyanite's high heat resistance makes it suitable for use in refractory products.

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Asbestos

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Historically used for insulation, fireproofing, and textiles; now banned in many places due to health risks.

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Pyrolusite

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The main ore of manganese, used in manufacturing of steel alloys and battery cells.

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