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Operation: Using a large horizontal drill to extract coal. Applicability: Employed as a method of secondary extraction following conventional mining.

Operation: Extracting minerals from a large open pit in the ground. Applicability: Useful for mining metallic or nonmetallic deposits and more homogenous resource resolution.

Operation: Extracting mineral bearing ores from an alluvial environment using water. Applicability: Suitable for precious metals like gold and gemstones found in sediments.

Operation: Dissolving minerals in place by injecting leaching solutions into the seam. Applicability: Suitable for water-soluble minerals like potash, salt, and uranium.

Operation: Extraction of stones or rocks from an open excavation site. Applicability: Primarily for building materials like marble, granite, and limestone.

Operation: Remote control mining of a coal seam exposed by previous strip mining. Applicability: Exploits the coal left in barrier pillars or highwalls after surface mining operations.

Operation: Removing sediment from bodies of water for mineral extraction. Applicability: Used for underwater mineral mining like diamonds, tin, and gold.

Operation: Removing overburden and mining along the contour lines of a mountain. Applicability: Used for coal when it outcrops on the hillside, typically occurring in hilly terrain.

Operation: Extracting minerals from ore by piling them up and applying a leaching solvent. Applicability: Often used for low-grade ore and for the extraction of gold, copper, and uranium.

Operation: Using continuous digging with rotating wheel and buckets. Applicability: Primarily for bulk materials like lignite and soft coal in very large scale open-pit mines.

Operation: Excavating and processing materials from landfills. Applicability: Recovers useful materials or energy content from previously disposed waste.

Operation: Blasting the summit or summit ridge to expose coal seams. Applicability: Used in regions with significant vertical relief and coal seams near the mountaintop.

Operation: Excavating overburden from a series of rectangles to expose mineral under. Applicability: Used for flat terrain, usually for coal or phosphates.

Operation: Using large machines to remove overburden or coal by casting. Applicability: Typically used in large scale surface mining operations for coal and tar sand.

Operation: Uncovering mineral veins by using a flood of water to remove overburden. Applicability: An ancient method used for the extraction of tin and other metals.

Operation: Using bulldozers to push and excavate overburden and coal. Applicability: Efficient for cleaning coal seams and small-scale surface mining.

Operation: Using high-pressure jets of water to dislodge rock material or move sediment. Applicability: Historic use for placer deposits like gold, tin, and other metals.

Operation: Creating steps or terraces to perform extraction in an open-pit mine. Applicability: Aids in the systematic removal of overburden and ore in open-pit mines.

Operation: Removing soil and rock to reveal mineral seams. Applicability: Mostly for coal and other stratified deposits close to the surface.