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Underground Mining Hazards
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Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis
Causes: Inhaling coal dust over long periods. Mitigation: Using dust suppression methods, wearing personal protective equipment.
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Causes: Prolonged exposure to high decibel levels from machinery. Mitigation: Utilizing noise control measures, providing hearing protection.
Chemical Poisoning
Causes: Exposure to toxic chemicals, inadequate use of protective equipment. Mitigation: Proper handling procedures, use of protective gear, thorough training.
Radiation Exposure
Causes: Natural radionuclides in certain ores, improper shielding. Mitigation: Monitoring exposure levels, using lead shields, limiting time spent in exposed areas.
Dust Explosions
Causes: Accumulation of fine combustible dust, poor housekeeping. Mitigation: Dust collection systems, proper cleaning routines.
Psychosocial Hazards
Causes: Stressful work environment, long working hours, isolation. Mitigation: Psychological support services, fostering a positive work culture, work-life balance initiatives.
Electrical Shock
Causes: Contact with exposed wires, equipment malfunction. Mitigation: Regular electrical maintenance, using ground fault circuit interrupters.
Inadequate Mine Illumination
Causes: Faulty or insufficient lighting equipment. Mitigation: Installation of proper lighting, routine inspection and maintenance of lighting systems.
Heat Stress
Causes: High temperature and humidity, insufficient cooling. Mitigation: Cooling systems, hydration, acclimatization programs.
Vibrations
Causes: Operating heavy machinery, hand-held power tools. Mitigation: Anti-vibration gloves, regular breaks, use of low-vibration tools.
Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) Failures
Causes: Inadequate energy isolation, poor training on LOTO procedures. Mitigation: Strict LOTO protocols, personnel training, regular audits.
Confined Space Hazards
Causes: Inadequate oxygen, presence of toxic gases. Mitigation: Atmospheric testing, ventilation systems, use of breathing apparatus.
Vehicle Collisions
Causes: Limited visibility, ineffective communication systems. Mitigation: Adequate lighting, installation of cameras, use of communication protocols.
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Causes: Repetitive motions, heavy lifting, poor ergonomics. Mitigation: Ergonomic design of workstations, job rotation, stretching exercises.
Rockbursts and Seismicity
Causes: High-stress levels in rock, geological instabilities. Mitigation: Stress mapping, destress blasting, seismic monitoring.
Ergonomic Hazards
Causes: Prolonged standing, repetitive tasks, incorrect body mechanics. Mitigation: Implementation of ergonomic tools, workplace design, periodic rest breaks.
Gas Explosions
Causes: Methane accumulation, poor ventilation. Mitigation: Proper ventilation systems, regular gas monitoring.
Equipment Accidents
Causes: Machinery malfunctions, poor operator training. Mitigation: Regular equipment checks, comprehensive training programs.
Mine Flooding
Causes: Water ingress from fractured aquifers, inadequate pumping. Mitigation: Sump installation, efficient water pumping, regular monitoring.
Slip and Fall Accidents
Causes: Slippery surfaces, cluttered workspaces, uneven terrain. Mitigation: Regular cleaning, maintaining even walkways, wearing slip-resistant footwear.
Falls from Heights
Causes: Inadequate fall protection, improper use of ladders and platforms. Mitigation: Use of guardrails, safety harnesses, and lanyards, ladder safety training.
Roof Falls
Causes: Weak rock strata, seismic activity, unsupported spans. Mitigation: Adequate roof support systems, regular rock bolting.
Cave-ins and Collapses
Causes: Faulty support structures, overextraction of material. Mitigation: Adequate reinforcement of mine workings, careful monitoring and engineering.
High Altitude Sickness
Causes: Rapid ascent to high elevation, reduced oxygen levels. Mitigation: Gradual acclimatization, using supplemental oxygen, proper ascent pacing.
Fire
Causes: Electrical equipment malfunction, friction, spontaneous combustion. Mitigation: Proper electrical maintenance, fire-resistant materials, fire detection systems.
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