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Types of Mining Methods
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Underground Mining
Below surface mining method to reach minerals and ores. Tunnels or shafts are dug to access the deposits.
Open-Pit Mining
A surface mining technique where a large pit is made in the ground to extract ores near the surface.
Dredging
Mining method that involves the removal of underwater sediments and debris, often for gold or minerals.
Heap Leaching
Method of using a leach solution to extract metal ores from heaps of crushed ore.
Quarrying
Surface mining method for extracting stone or slate from an open pit or burrow.
Dragline Excavation
Surface mining technique using large machines to remove overburden or to mine coal directly.
Contour Strip Mining
Method of mining following contour lines and removing overburden to access a mineral seam.
Sublevel Stoping
Underground method involving horizontal levels from a vertical ore body.
Block Caving
Underground mining method that involves undermining an ore body and allowing it to progressively collapse.
Shrinkage Stoping
A method where broken ore is used as a platform from which to drill and blast more ore.
Cut and Fill Mining
An underground technique where the ore is cut and removed in slices, then filled with waste rock or tailings.
Placer Mining
Extracting mineral deposits from a stream or river bed. Often associated with gold and gemstones.
Highwall Mining
A form of surface mining employing a remote-controlled continuous miner which extracts coal and conveys it via loaders, shuttle cars, and conveyors.
Caving Methods
A category of mining in which ore is mined from underneath, causing the ground above to collapse.
Room and Pillar Mining
Underground mining method where 'rooms' of ore are extracted with 'pillars' left standing to support the roof.
Retreat Mining
A final phase of room and pillar underground mining, where pillars are removed as miners retreat.
Longwall Mining
Form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice.
Mountaintop Removal
Type of surface mining that involves removing the summit of a mountain to access underlying coal seams.
In-Situ Leach (ISL) Mining
A technique in which soluble metals are dissolved in-situ and pumped out, commonly used for uranium.
Hydraulic Mining
Mining technique using high-pressure jets of water to dislodge rock material or move sediment.
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