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A surface mining technique where a large pit is made in the ground to extract ores near the surface.

Below surface mining method to reach minerals and ores. Tunnels or shafts are dug to access the deposits.

Method of using a leach solution to extract metal ores from heaps of crushed ore.

Mining method that involves the removal of underwater sediments and debris, often for gold or minerals.

Surface mining method for extracting stone or slate from an open pit or burrow.

Underground mining method that involves undermining an ore body and allowing it to progressively collapse.

Underground mining method where 'rooms' of ore are extracted with 'pillars' left standing to support the roof.

An underground technique where the ore is cut and removed in slices, then filled with waste rock or tailings.

A method where broken ore is used as a platform from which to drill and blast more ore.

Underground method involving horizontal levels from a vertical ore body.

Form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice.

A final phase of room and pillar underground mining, where pillars are removed as miners retreat.

Mining technique using high-pressure jets of water to dislodge rock material or move sediment.

Extracting mineral deposits from a stream or river bed. Often associated with gold and gemstones.

Type of surface mining that involves removing the summit of a mountain to access underlying coal seams.

A technique in which soluble metals are dissolved in-situ and pumped out, commonly used for uranium.

A form of surface mining employing a remote-controlled continuous miner which extracts coal and conveys it via loaders, shuttle cars, and conveyors.

Surface mining technique using large machines to remove overburden or to mine coal directly.

Method of mining following contour lines and removing overburden to access a mineral seam.