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Purpose: To screen large rocks from finer material before it enters the primary crusher, reducing the load on the crusher. Operation: It consists of a heavy-duty grating of parallel bars that allows smaller material to pass while larger rocks are retained.

Purpose: For stripping overburden above coal seams and for tar-sand mining. Operation: It works by casting a heavy cable-hung bucket outward from a crane-like boom and dragging the bucket back toward itself to remove large amounts of overburden.

Purpose: To apply a layer of inert dust to coal dust within the mine to prevent explosive mixtures. Operation: It disperses rock dust throughout the mine workings using either compressed air or a mechanical dispersal method.

Purpose: To pump slurry (a mixture of solids and liquids) in the mining process. Operation: It uses centrifugal force to increase the pressure of liquid and solid particles and move them through pipelines.

Purpose: To create large piles of bulk material such as limestone, ores, and coal in an efficient manner. Operation: It operates with a conveyor system that piles material in an organized fashion, often in a linear, luffing, and slewing motion.

Purpose: To separate liquids and solids using pressure filtration. Operation: It pushes slurry through plates that trap the solids and allows the liquid to pass through.

Purpose: To extract coal from an exposed coal seam at the base of an open cut mine after it has been economically determined that further cutbacks are not viable. Operation: It uses a remotely controlled continuous miner to extract coal, retreat, and convey it out of the mine.

Purpose: To feed material into other machines at a consistent rate. Operation: It uses gravity to move material from a large holding container into a process machine.

Purpose: To separate particulate from an air, gas, or liquid stream without using filters. Operation: It uses a vortex separation process to collect the particulates in a central area.

Purpose: To load extracted materials onto trucks, conveyors, or shuttle cars during the extraction process. Operation: It is a tracked or wheeled vehicle with a front-mounted bucket used for scooping material.

Purpose: To transport mined materials from one point to another over a stationary pathway. Operation: It consists of an endless, moving, looped belt that carries materials between locations.

Purpose: To recover bulk material from stockpiles during the manufacturing process. Operation: It uses rotating drums or wheels with scoops to reclaim material and feed it back into the processing system.

Purpose: To remove water from wet materials like sand and fine minerals. Operation: It uses vibrating motion to separate water from solids, allowing for a drier material output.

Purpose: To separate hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic materials in the ore dressing process. Operation: It introduces fine air bubbles into a water-ore mixture, allowing the hydrophobic particles to attach to the bubbles and rise to the surface as froth.

Purpose: To separate magnetic material from non-magnetic material in ore processing. Operation: It uses magnets to attract magnetic materials and separate them from the rest.

Purpose: To continuously excavate massive quantities of overburden and coal. Operation: It uses a large wheel with many buckets attached to its perimeter to continuously remove material and convey it to a discharge conveyor.

Purpose: To reduce the particle size of rock and ore into a fine powder to increase the surface area for the subsequent processing steps. Operation: It comes in various forms such as ball mills, rod mills, and autogenous mills depending on the type of grinding required.

Purpose: To support the roof and walls of a tunnel during excavation and maintenance. Operation: It uses hydraulic pressure to hold up structures temporarily.

Purpose: To reduce the size of large rocks into smaller rocks before they are further processed by other machines. Operation: It works on the principle of compressing rock between a fixed plate and a hinged jaw that moves with a reciprocating motion.

Purpose: To grind large pieces of ore as the initial step in the grinding process. Operation: It uses grinding media like balls or larger rocks to aid in breaking down ore by tumbling and impact within a rotating drum.

Purpose: To cut coal from the seam and load it onto conveyors or shuttle cars in a continuous operation. Operation: It uses large steel drums equipped with tungsten carbide teeth to scrape coal from the seam.

Purpose: To drill holes into rock so that explosives can be inserted for blasting operations. Operation: It operates like a giant electric hand-drill with a rotating drill bit that bores into rock.

Purpose: To grind mined ore into fine particles for further processing. Operation: It uses a tumbling process with stone or metal balls as grinding media to break down particles through impact and attrition.

Purpose: To dig and load earth or fragmented rock and for mineral extraction. Operation: It operates with a large electric motor and gear set, using a rope and pulley system to move a large-diameter, steel cable shovel.

Purpose: To support the roof of the mine after coal removal. Operation: It drills holes into the mine roof and inserts long metal bolts into the holes.

Purpose: To extract coal from a long face or wall of coal in a single slice. Operation: It uses a large cutting head to shear coal from the wall, which then falls onto a conveyor for removal from the mine.

Purpose: To excavate roadways and tunnels. Operation: It is a versatile piece of tunneling equipment with a powerful cutting head that scrapes coal or rock from the tunnel face.

Purpose: To transport coal from the continuous miner to the conveyor belt for removal from the mine. Operation: It is a rubber-tired, battery or diesel-powered vehicle equipped with a conveyor or dump bed.

Purpose: To transport loose material such as mined ore, soil, and gravel. Operation: It is a heavy-duty truck with a large rear dumping or tipping body, which can be lifted to deposit the material at the dump site.