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A technique involving the measurement of triangles to map out the area of interest. Commonly used for establishing control networks.

The process of finding the elevation of points or establishing points at a given elevation.

Uses Global Positioning System to determine accurate locations. Useful for wide area surveys and real-time applications in mining.

The measurement and description of bodies of water within and around a mine to ensure safe water management.

A method to quickly capture the surface geometry using laser light. Often used for high-precision mapping.

An electronic/optical instrument used for angle measurement, distance measurements, and coordinate readings in mining.

Adaptation of surface surveying techniques for the mining environment where GPS is not available.

A technique where a theodolite is used to make precise measurements of angles in the horizontal and vertical planes.

Technique using electronic instruments to measure distances between points.

Calculating volumes of stockpiles or excavated areas to monitor and manage mine production.

Establishing reference points to use as a base for future surveying activities within mine sites.

Creating measurements and maps from photographs, used for planning and monitoring mine progress.

The use of drone or aircraft photography to create maps and 3D models of mine sites.

Software solutions that bring together data from various surveying instruments to create comprehensive mine maps and models.

A plot of the mine workings viewed from above, used for visually representing spatial relationships in underground mining.

Technique to measure the closure or opening of underground openings to monitor stability.

Surveying method focused on the measurement and evaluation of ore body removal in open stopes.

Establishing points of known elevation and position to serve as references within the mine.

Creating cross-sectional profiles perpendicular to the mine trend to detail the underground topography and geology.

A technique using the time difference between emitted and reflected electromagnetic waves to measure distances.

Using the reflection or refraction of seismic waves to map geological structures.

Assessing slope stability using techniques like laser scanning, radar systems, and prism monitoring to prevent landslides.

Surveying that takes into account the curvature of the earth to obtain precise measurements over large areas.

Specialized surveying to create an optimal pit design by defining the most economical limits of the pit.