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FeS2 - Metallic luster, brassy yellow color, often called fool's gold

NaCl - Salty taste, perfect cubic cleavage, transparent to translucent

General formula: X3Y2(SiO4)3 where X and Y are metals - High hardness, forms dodecahedral crystals, non-metallic luster

Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 - Very soft, with a Mohs hardness of 1, greasy feel, used in talcum powder

BaSO4 - High density, produces a white streak, has a vitreous luster

KAlSi3O8 - A type of feldspar, distinguished by its grid-like twinning, can be pink to red in color

NaAlSi3O8 - Striated flat planes, commonly white or off-white, member of the plagioclase feldspar series

CaF2 - Exhibits fluorescence under ultraviolet light, perfect octahedral cleavage

Primarily (Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4 - Usually green, white, or yellow, slippery feel, forms in low-grade metamorphic conditions

Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2 - Rich royal blue, often with white calcite, reacts to ultraviolet light with an orange fluorescence

CaMg(CO3)2 - Reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid when powdered, perfect cleavage, often pink or gray

SiO2 - Hardness of 7 on Mohs scale, no cleavage, conchoidal fracture

(Mg,Fe)2SiO4 - High-temperature mineral, granular and glassy, olivine group

Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) - Hardness of 5 on the Mohs scale, hexagonal crystals, comes in many colors including green, yellow, and blue

CaSO4·2H2O - Very soft, can be scratched by a fingernail, clear or white color

(Fe,Mg)2Al9Si4O23(OH) - Forms distinct cruciform twins, dark reddish-brown color, Mohs hardness of 7 to 7.5

C - Metallic luster, black color, greasy feel, very soft with a Mohs hardness of 1 to 2

(Fe,Mn)WO4 - Principal source of tungsten, dark brown to black in color

CaCO3 - Reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, has perfect rhombohedral cleavage, double refraction

C - The hardest known natural material, excellent thermal conductor, high refractive index

Complex borosilicate with varying compositions - Forms prismatic crystals, vertically striated with a Mohs hardness of 7

KAlSi3O8 - Two good cleavages at 90 degrees, white to pink hue, Mohs hardness of 6

SnO2 - High density, excellent crystal formations, adamantine luster

Al2SiO5 - Variable colors including pink, green, or red, square cross sections, distinctive cleavage

TiO2 - High refractive index and dispersion, often red, brown or black, forms elongated crystals

Fe3O4 - Strongly magnetic, black color, metallic luster

KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 - Pearly luster, perfect cleavage into thin elastic sheets, light in color

Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 - Long, slender, and fibrous crystals, green to grayish-green color

Fe2O3 - Red to black in color, offers a reddish streak, metallic to earthy luster

ZrSiO4 - High refractive index, crystal habit is short and stubby, hardness of 7.5 on the Mohs scale

Primarily a mixture of Al hydroxides (e.g., Gibbsite - Al(OH)3) - Earthy luster, usually pisolitic

UO2 - Radioactive mineral, primary ore of uranium, usually black or brown, heavy and brittle

CuFeS2 - Brass yellow color with a metallic luster, greenish-black streak

ZnS - Usually yellow to brown, has a resinous to adamantine luster, high dispersion

Al2SiO5 - Forms slender, elongated crystals, can appear fibrous or silky, has a Mohs hardness of 6 to 7

Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 - Deep azure blue color, produces a light blue streak, effervescent in acid

MgAl2O4 - Forms octahedral crystals, can be a variety of colors including red, blue, and green

General formula: (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 - Also known as coltan, iron-black to brownish color

PbS - High density, cubic cleavage, metallic luster

K(Mg,Fe)3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 - Dark color, perfect cleavage into thin flexible sheets, pearly to submetallic luster

CaSO4 - Does not react with hydrochloric acid, three cleavage planes not at 90 degrees

Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 - Bright green color, often has banded patterns, effervescent in acid

CaMgSi2O6 - Monoclinic pyroxene, forms short to long prismatic crystals, typically green or white

Pb5(VO4)3Cl - Bright red to orange crystals, forms hexagonal prisms, source of vanadium

Al2SiO5 - Different hardnesses on different crystal faces, often blue long-bladed crystals

MnCO3 - Pink to red coloration, effervesces in dilute hydrochloric acid