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As the fourth layer from the Earth's surface, the thermosphere experiences a significant increase in temperature with altitude and has a composition with sparse oxygen, nitrogen atoms, and ions; it's also where the auroras occur.

This layer sits above the troposphere and is characterized by a slight temperature increase with altitude and the presence of the ozone layer, mainly composed of nitrogen, oxygen, and ozone gas.

The lowest layer of the atmosphere where weather phenomena occur, containing approximately 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and traces of other gases like argon and carbon dioxide.

This middle layer of the atmosphere decreases in temperature with altitude, is composed mostly of nitrogen and oxygen, and is where most meteors burn up upon entry.