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Environmental racism refers to the disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on people of color and marginalized communities. An example is the placement of hazardous waste facilities often in areas inhabited by minorities.

Intergenerational equity is the principle of fairness between generations, ensuring that the actions of present generations do not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their needs. For example, limiting greenhouse gas emissions to prevent future climate impacts.

The Polluter Pays Principle states that those who produce pollution should bear the costs of managing it to prevent damage to human health or the environment. For example, a factory emitting pollutants into the air should be responsible for funding pollution controls or clean-up efforts.

Climate refugees are individuals who are forced to leave their home region due to sudden or gradual changes in their local environment which are associated with climate change, such as sea-level rise or extreme weather events. For example, residents displacing from areas increasingly prone to hurricanes.

Loss and Damage refers to the impacts of climate change that people have not been able or had the capacity to avoid or adapt to. An example includes irreparable damage to small island nations from sea-level rise.

This principle acknowledges that while all countries are responsible for addressing global environmental destruction, not all nations have contributed equally to the problem, nor do they have the same capacity to address it. For instance, developed countries are typically expected to take the lead in reducing emissions due to their historical emissions.