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Biodiversity Protection Acts

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Nature Conservation Act - South Africa

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Provides for the protection and control of the use of the natural environment, including flora and fauna. Enforced by the Department of Environment, Forestry and Fisheries.

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National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act - Nepal

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Focuses on the conservation of wildlife and natural resources in national parks and reserves. Enforcement is through the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation.

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Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (EPBC) - Australia

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Provides a framework for protection of the Australian environment, including nationally and internationally important flora, fauna, ecological communities, and heritage places. Enforced by the Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment.

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National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) - USA

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Requires federal agencies to assess the environmental effects of their proposed actions before making decisions. Enforced through Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and Environmental Assessments (EA).

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Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)

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Regulates international trade in endangered species. Protection is facilitated through permits and certificates, with enforcement through customs and wildlife officers.

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Wildlife Protection Act - India

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Safeguards wildlife and their habitats, establishing schedules of protected species and providing legal support for conservation areas. Enforced by the Wildlife Crime Control Bureau.

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The Wildlife and Countryside Act - UK

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Protects native wildlife, countryside, and the marine environment. Enforced through various agencies such as Natural England and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee.

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Federal Nature Conservation Act - Germany

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Protects the diversity, uniqueness, and beauty of nature, as well as the efficiency of natural processes. Enforced through the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation.

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Lacey Act - USA

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Prohibits trade in wildlife, fish, and plants that have been illegally taken, possessed, transported, or sold. Enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

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Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) - USA

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Protects migratory birds through regulations that control hunting and other activities. Enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

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Wildlife Conservation Act - Malaysia

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Provides for the protection and conservation of wildlife, prohibiting hunting and trading of protected species. Enforcement is carried out by the Department of Wildlife and National Parks.

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Species at Risk Act (SARA) - Canada

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Provides for the legal protection of wildlife species at risk in Canada. Enforcement includes recovery planning, listing of species, and critical habitat protection.

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Endangered Species Act (ESA) - USA

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Protections for species at risk of extinction and their habitats. Mechanisms include listing of species, habitat conservation plans, and cooperative agreements. Enforced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service.

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Biodiversity Act - Brazil

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Aims to conserve biodiversity, ensure sustainable use of biological resources, and protect traditional knowledge associated with biodiversity. Enforced by IBAMA and other regulatory bodies.

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Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) - USA

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Prohibits the taking of marine mammals in U.S. waters and by U.S. citizens on the high seas, and the importation of marine mammals and marine mammal products. Enforced by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service.

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